Behavior of Po-210 in molten Pb-17Li

Feuerstein, H.; Oschinski, J.; Horn, Susanne

doi:10.1016/s0022-3115(09)80052-4

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These conclusions are consistent with the identification of PoPb as a stable molecule which evaporates from both LBE and Pb-Li eutectic [58,9,4] and with the recent hypothesis of PoO being formed near the LBE [18]. In literature, PoH was not yet considered to be present near the LBE.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…[7] The vapor over pure polonium is expected to consist of Po 2 molecules [8], whereas in a polonium-poor environ-30 ment -as in the case of LBE -different compounds could be formed. Studies of Feuerstein [9] and Gromov [10] report on Po evaporation in the form of leadpolonide (PoPb) or elementary Po. This observation was supported by the observation of PbTe and Te evaporation from Tellurium in LBE.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11,9] Also Polonium hydride (H 2 Po) is assumed to be produced in the interaction with water and is therefore expected in the LBE cover gas [12,13,14,15,6]. However, its presence is questionable on basis of its thermodynamical instability[2, 16,17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Binary and ternary Po-containing molecules relevant for LBE cooled reactors at operating temperature

Deyne

Rijpstra

Waroquier

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Quantum-chemical calculations at several levels of theory were used to assess the stability at different temperatures of a set of 13 binary and ternary Pocontaining molecules that could possibly be formed in an environment with lead, bismuth, oxygen and water. These are conditions that are relevant for a heavy liquid metal cooled fission reactor. The conclusions are that especially PoPb, PbPoO and PoOH and to a lesser extent Po 2 and PoO are stable. These small molecules are likely to be found near the Lead-Bismuth-Eutectic (LBE) coolant at operational temperatures. In contrast Po 3 and PoBi are unlikely to be present under the assumed conditions. Several stability criteria, such as the dissociation into free atoms or into molecular fragments at realistic Poconcentrations or in the thermodynamic limit are discussed at different temperatures. The results obtained with a medium level of theory (Density Functional Theory, PBE0 with Relativistic Effective Core Potentials) show good qualitative correspondence with calculations performed at a much higher level of theory (Multi Reference Configuration Interaction, with spin-orbit coupling and scalar relativistic Hamiltonian). This makes the medium level of theory to be a fair alternative, for obtaining at least qualitative insight, for a high level calculation method which is unfeasible for much larger systems.

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supporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Binary and ternary Po-containing molecules relevant for LBE cooled reactors at operating temperature

Deyne

Rijpstra

Waroquier

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…Values were three orders of magnitude smaller than the theoretical value of 1 in vacuum (Table 1). Previous measurements of the vaporization coefficients of Pb, Li [23] and Po [24] from PbLi eutectic showed similar differences between experiments performed in 1 bar of He or Ar and experiments in vacuum.…”

Section: Polonium Evaporation At Different Carrier Gas Flow Ratessupporting

confidence: 51%

Use of the transpiration method to study polonium evaporation from liquid lead-bismuth eutectic at high temperature

Prieto¹,

Marino²,

Lim

et al. 2014

Radiochimica Acta

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Qualitative and quantitative understanding of Po volatilization under different conditions is of key importance for safety assessments of lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) based nuclear reactors, spallation targets and accelerator driven systems. In this work we explore the possibilities of the transpiration method in combination with simple models to study the equilibrium and kinetics of Po evaporation from highly diluted solutions in lead-bismuth eutectic between 600 and 1000 ∘ C in Ar/5% H 2 and Ar. On the basis of evaporation experiments at various carrier gas flow rates, we identified the conditions of vapor saturation allowing the determination of equilibrium constants. From the limiting behavior at high flow rates, values for the maximal evaporation rate of Po from LBE were estimated. Measurements of evaporation as a function of time were consistent with the assumption that polonium dissolved in LBE obeys Henry's law. A theoretical analysis furthermore suggested that diffusion of polonium in LBE was not a rate limiting factor for evaporation under vapor saturation conditions. Newly determined values for the Henry constant of Po in LBE between 600 and 1000 ∘ C were consistent with previously derived correlations.

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“…As reported in [6] evaporation of polonium from Pb-17Li is 1000 times smaller than expected in vacuum for an ideal solution at 523 K. It is known that Po evaporates out of a Pb17Li melt in the form of an intermetallic compound [8]. The low vapor pressure of this polonide leads to a small evaporation rate of PbPo instead of polonium metal.…”

Section: Evaporation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 85%