Behavior of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and hormones in a sewage treatment plant

Carballa, Marta; Omil, F.; Lema, Juan M.; Llompart, Marı́a; Garcı́a-Jares, Carmen; Rodrı́guez, I.; Gómez, Mariano; Ternes, Thomas A.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.03.029

Cited by 1,309 publications

(652 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Pharmaceutical concentrations in the streams impacted by effluents from WWTPs with trickling filters or trickling filters in parallel with activated sludge resulted in the highest observed in-stream pharmaceutical concentrations. This result is in agreement with previous studies that have determined that trickling filter secondary treatment systems yield larger organic wastewater contaminant concentrations when compared with activated sludge processes (Carbella et al, 2004;Lee and Rasmussen, 2006).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

The occurrence of illicit and therapeutic pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and surface waters in Nebraska

Bartelt–Hunt

Snow

Damon

et al. 2009

Environmental Pollution

305

141

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

The occurrence of illicit and therapeutic pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and surface waters in Nebraska

Bartelt–Hunt

Snow

Damon

et al. 2009

Environmental Pollution

305

141

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“…Ashton et al (2004) suggested that most WTWs in England and Wales are likely to be routinely discharging small quantities (ng/L) of pharmaceuticals. A number of other studies have similar findings (Carballa et al, 2004). A study in Sweden found diclofenac at higher concentrations in the effluent than in the influent (Zorita et al, 2009).…”

Section: Wastewater Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 56%

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Stuart

Lapworth

Crane

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

626

271

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This paper provides a review of the types of emerging organic groundwater contaminants (EGCs) which are beginning to be found in the UK. EGCs are compounds being found in groundwater that were previously not detectable or known to be significant and can come from agricultural, urban and rural point sources. EGCs include nanomaterials, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial compounds, personal care products, fragrances, water treatment by-products, flame retardants and surfactants, as well as caffeine and nicotine. Many are relatively small polar molecules which may not be effectively removed by drinking water treatment. Data from the UK Environment Agency's groundwater screening programme for organic pollutants found within the 30 most frequently detected compounds a number of EGCs such as pesticide metabolites, caffeine and DEET. Specific determinands frequently detected include pesticides metabolites, pharmaceuticals including carbamazepine and triclosan, nicotine, food additives and alkyl phosphates. This paper discusses the routes by which these compounds enter groundwater, their toxicity and potential risks to drinking water and the environment. It identifies challenges that need to be met to minimise risk to drinking water and ecosystems.

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“…Furthermore, adsorption is expected to be a determining factor during the elimination of estrogens at lower concentrations (from lg/l to ng/l), as reported by previous studies. For instance, Carballa et al (2004) observed a removal of 20% of E2 in the primary treatment of a Spanish STP, whereas in a German STP, EE2 and E2 were eliminated up to 35 and 29%, respectively (Andersen et al 2003). Snyder et al (2007) reported higher adsorption percentages (75, 78 and 85% for E1, EE2 and E2, respectively), on activated carbon.…”

Section: Decolourisation Of a Model Synthetic Dye By Immobilised Laccasementioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilisation of laccase on Eupergit supports and its application for the removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals in a packed-bed reactor

et al. 2011

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Laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila was covalently immobilised on Eupergit C and Eupergit C 250L yielding specific activities of up to 17 and 80 U/g, respectively. Due to its superior activity, Eupergit C 250L was chosen for further research. The somewhat lower catalytic efficiency (based on the ratio between the turnover number and the Michaelis constant, k cat /K M ) of the immobilised enzyme in comparison with that of the free enzyme was balanced by its increased stability and broader operational window related to temperature and pH. The feasibility of the immobilised laccase was tested by using a packed bed reactor (PBR) operating in consecutive cycles for the removal of Acid Green 27 dye as model substrate. High degrees of elimination were achieved (88, 79, 69 and 57% in 4 consecutive cycles), while the levels of adsorption on the support varied from 18 to 6%, proving that dye removal took place mainly due to the action of the enzyme. Finally, a continuous PBR with the solid biocatalyst was applied for the treatment of a solution containing the following endocrine disrupting chemicals: estrone (E1), 17b-estradiol (E2) and 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE2). At steady-state operation, E1 was degraded by 65% and E2 and EE2 were removed up to 80% and only limited adsorption of these compounds on the support, between 12 and 22%, was detected. In addition, a 79% decrease in estrogenic activity was detected in the effluent of the enzymatic reactor while only 14% was attained by inactivated laccase.

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Behavior of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and hormones in a sewage treatment plant

Cited by 1,309 publications

References 23 publications

The occurrence of illicit and therapeutic pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and surface waters in Nebraska

The occurrence of illicit and therapeutic pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and surface waters in Nebraska

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Immobilisation of laccase on Eupergit supports and its application for the removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals in a packed-bed reactor

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