Behavior of Oxidized Coal During Oil Agglomeration

Sadowski, Zygmunt; Venkatadri, R.; Druding, J. M.; Markuszewski, R.; Wheelock, T.D.

doi:10.1080/07349348808960512

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This is in agrement with the results by F. Matsukura et al [24]. These data indicate a very high Curie temperature compared with other thin films [24,25] and SL structures [10,13,22,23]. The sheet resistance of the 5, 10 and 15 nm thick samples decreases with increasing layer thickness as expected, giving a resistivity of approximately 3.5 mΩcm at T=300 K.…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

“…In the studies of SL with magnetic (Ga,Mn)As layers separated by nonmagnetic AlGaAs or InGaAs spacers, the ferromagnetic phase is seen to disappear when the thickness of the magnetic layers is below 5 nm [10,20,21]. Our recent investigations show that the paramagnetic-to ferromagnetic phase transition occur for (Ga,Mn)As layers as thin as 4 -8 ML (1.1 -2.3 nm) in (Ga,Mn)As/GaAs SL [22,23].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dependence of Curie temperature on the thickness of epitaxial (Ga,Mn)As film

et al. 2002

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We present the magnetotransport properties of very thin (5 to 15 nm) single (Ga,Mn)As layers grown by low temperature molecular beam epitaxy. A lower (Ga,Mn)As thickness limit of 5 nm for the ferromagnetic phase and the dependence of the Curie temperature on (Ga,Mn)As thickness are determined from electrical transport measurements. The Curie temperature is determined to be 97 K for the thinnest ferromagnetic sample and is found to decrease for increasing layer thickness. A carrier density of 7.1×10 20 cm −3 for the 5 nm thick (Ga,Mn)As layer is determined from Hall measurements. Differences between magnetotransport properties of thick and thin (Ga,Mn)As layers are observed and discussed.

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confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

Dependence of Curie temperature on the thickness of epitaxial (Ga,Mn)As film

et al. 2002

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“…It was observed that the effects of pH and ionic strength on coal recovery and separation efficiency depend upon the surface properties of the particles. [10][11][12][13] An increase in the ionic strength was found to favor the recovery of hydrophobic, oleophilic coals and to disfavor the recovery of weakly oleophilic, hydrophilic coals and pyrite. 13 It was further observed that the effect of ionic strength on the recovery of a hydrophobic coal depends upon the relative hydrophobicity of the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dependent upon their relative size and density, the agglomerates can be recovered from the suspension by floating, skimming, or screening. It was observed that the effects of pH and ionic strength on coal recovery and separation efficiency depend upon the surface properties of the particles. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desulfurization and Deashing of Hazro Coal by Selective Oil Agglomeration in Various Water Mediums

Temel

Ayhan

2006

Energy Fuels

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The aim of this study was to study the effects of various water mediums on desulfurization and deashing of Hazro coal by the agglomeration method. For this purpose, three groups of agglomeration experiments were made. The effects of some parameters that markedly influence the effectiveness of selective oil agglomeration, such as solid concentration, bridging liquid concentration, and pH, on the agglomeration were investigated in the first group of experiments. The effects of different salts (NaCl, MgCl 2 , and FeCl 3 ) on the agglomeration were investigated in the second group of experiments. The effects of lake water and sea water on the agglomeration were investigated in the third group of experiments. The influences of the Mediterranean Sea water and Aegean Sea water on the removal of ash and total sulfur were found to be important.

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“…For strongly hydrophobic materials, the maximum recovery approached 100% (refs. [5][6][7]26,27), and the principal effect of supplying excess oil was to increase the size of the agglomerates (refs. 6,7).…”

Section: Solids Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic principles and mechanisms of selective oil agglomeration. Fossil energy interim report, October 1, 1983--September 30, 1992

Wheelock¹

1992

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The overall objective of this investigation was to determine the basic principles and mechanisms which underlie selective oil agglomeration processes for beneficiating fine-size coal. The investigation focussed on the following key areas: (I) the relationship between particle recovery and various system parameters, (2) the separation of coal and pyrite, and (3) rate of agglomeration. Special laboratory equipment and experimental techniques were developed for studying particle agglomeration, including a method for continuously monitoring the progress of agglomeration in a batch mixing system by measuring the turbidity of the particle suspension. This method provided an indication of the rate of " agglomeration. Since particle agglomeration depends on particle surface properties, ,. several methods for measuring such properties were evaluated and found to yield " comparable results. Numerous agglomeration tests were conducted with several types of low-ash coal and graphite, high grade mineral pyrite, and other materials. Relatively pure hydrocarbons, including heptane and hexadecane, were used as agglomerants. Access of air to the system was controlled. Particle recovery by agglomeration was observed to depend on a m FURTHER CONSIDERATION OF SURFACE PROPERTIES

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Behavior of Oxidized Coal During Oil Agglomeration

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Dependence of Curie temperature on the thickness of epitaxial (Ga,Mn)As film

Dependence of Curie temperature on the thickness of epitaxial (Ga,Mn)As film

Desulfurization and Deashing of Hazro Coal by Selective Oil Agglomeration in Various Water Mediums

Basic principles and mechanisms of selective oil agglomeration. Fossil energy interim report, October 1, 1983--September 30, 1992

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