Behavior of microbubbles on spatially controlled golden nanoparticles

Abstract

Incipient plasmonic bubble formation is observed around gold nanopillars with different inter-nanopillar separations. The experimental measurements and theoretical analysis show that the nanobubble formation is due to the enhanced plasmonic resonance rather than from the laser heating. Inter-nanopillar distribution may lead to threshold fluence variations. The lifetime of plasmonic bubbles can reach several minutes. Furthermore, both the radius and the growth rate of the plasmonic nanobubble increase as the inter-nanopillar distribution decreases. Smaller-spacing distributed arrays produced larger bubbles. The maximum growth rate of the bubbles can be reached at about 883.5 × 10 −6 m∕s on 1 μm nanopillars, but it is only 56.9 × 10 −6 m∕s on 4 μm nanopillars.

Growth of Laser-Induced Microbubbles inside Capillary Tubes Affected by Gathered Light-Absorbing Particles

“…In recent years, a common and convenient method to generate microbubbles is induced by laser heating. Laser-induced microbubbles are generally produced by the thermal effect of radiation with either a continuous-wave (CW) laser [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] or a pulsed laser [ 26 ]. Materials are used for heating to create microbubbles include absorbing substrates [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], absorbing liquids [ 20 , 32 ], and light-absorbing particles (APs) [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Plasmonic bubbles in binary liquids

“…When the PNPs are immersed in a liquid LSPR can be exploited to locally and rapidly heat up the liquid, typically even significantly exceeding its boiling temperature. Then, a so-called plasmonic bubble nucleates from this metastable, superheated state [77,[94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102]. A schematic of such a bubble with radius R is shown in Fig.…”