Behavior of male and female rats with septal lesions: Influence of prior gonadectomy

Bengelloun, Wail A.; Nelson, Deborah J.; Zent, Howard M.; Beatty, William W.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(76)90139-6

Cited by 54 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Previous studies have consistently shown that female rodents spend more time on the open arms of EPMs (e.g., Johnston and File, 1991; Lynn and Brown, 2009, 2010 ), and our pilot study confirmed that female rats spend more time than males in the light area of the LD box, as previously reported (e.g., Hughes et al, 2004 ). In contrast, the measures of locomotor activity (i.e., distance travelled in OF, number of closed arm entries in EPM) did not differ between the treatment groups, which suggests that behavioural differences in response to the aversive areas cannot be attributed solely to treatment effects on motor activity, supporting the null results of previous studies (e.g., Bengelloun et al, 1976; Stewart and Cygan, 1980 ). Males castrated after puberty spent more time investigating an unfamiliar female than pre-pubertally castrated males, in line with previous research showing that neural maturation during the peri-pubertal period is required for males to exhibit adult sexual responsiveness (e.g., Bell et al, 2013; Schulz et al, 2004 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…These behavioural sex differences in response to novel environments emerge during the peri-pubertal period (e.g., Imhof et al, 1993; Lynn and Brown, 2009, 2010 ) and have been shown to be sensitive to the presence of testosterone during the first few days of postnatal life (e.g., Lucion et al, 1996 ). However, whether peri-pubertal testosterone exposure has organisational effects on response to novel environments remains unclear, as other studies have reported no effect of pre-pubertal castration on later open field behaviour (e.g., Bengelloun et al, 1976; Stewart and Cygan, 1980 ), and the effects of peri-pubertal gonadal hormone exposure on adult behaviour in other novel environments have not yet been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peri-pubertal exposure to testicular hormones organizes response to novel environments and social behaviour in adult male rats

Brown

Kulbarsh

Spencer

et al. 2015

Hormones and Behavior

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Previous research has shown that exposure to testicular hormones during the peri-pubertal period of life has long-term, organizational effects on adult sexual behaviour and underlying neural mechanisms in laboratory rodents. However, the organizational effects of peri-pubertal testicular hormones on other aspects of behaviour and brain function are less well understood. Here, we investigated the effects of manipulating peri-pubertal testicular hormone exposure on later behavioural responses to novel environments and on hormone receptors in various brain regions that are involved in response to novelty. Male rodents generally spend less time in the exposed areas of novel environments than females, and this sex difference emerges during the peri-pubertal period. Male Lister-hooded rats (Rattus norvegicus) were castrated either before puberty or after puberty, then tested in three novel environments (elevated plus-maze, light–dark box, open field) and in an object/social novelty task in adulthood. Androgen receptor (AR), oestrogen receptor (ER1) and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRF-R2) mRNA expression were quantified in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and medial amygdala. The results showed that pre-pubertally castrated males spent more time in the exposed areas of the elevated-plus maze and light–dark box than post-pubertally castrated males, and also confirmed that peri-pubertal hormone exposure influences later response to an opposite-sex conspecific. Hormone receptor gene expression levels did not differ between pre-pubertally and post-pubertally castrated males in any of the brain regions examined. This study therefore demonstrates that testicular hormone exposure during the peri-pubertal period masculinizes later response to novel environments, although the neural mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peri-pubertal exposure to testicular hormones organizes response to novel environments and social behaviour in adult male rats

Brown

Kulbarsh

Spencer

et al. 2015

Hormones and Behavior

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show abstract

“…Gonadal hormones also appear to have organizational effects on open field behaviors in rodents (Beatty 1979). Castration before 30 days of age increases ambulation and rearing to female levels (Scouten et al 1975;Bengelloun et al 1976). Female rats injected with testosterone neonatally or at puberty exhibited less ambulation and rearing than oil treated females (Stevens and Goldstein 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Cocaine-Stimulated Motor Behavior Disparate Effects of Gonadectomy

Walker

Cabassa

Kaplan

et al. 2001

Neuropsychopharmacology

112

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Sex differences in biological substrates of drug use and addiction are poorly understood. The present study investigated sexual dimorphisms in motor behavior following acute cocaine administration (10, 20, or 40 mg/ kg, i.p Little is known about sex differences in biologic substrates of drug taking and addiction. However, an emerging literature documents that sex differences in the behavioral responses to addictive drugs exist in humans. A sex difference in human affective responses to cocaine has been reported in one study in which females reported more nervousness than males following intranasal cocaine (Kosten et al. 1996). Lukas and coworkers (1996) showed that cocaine induced similar cardiovascular and affective responses in men and women, although plasma concentrations of cocaine were lower in women. In a laboratory setting, cocaine cues induced more drug craving in female than male addicts (Robbins et al. 1999). These results suggest that women may be more sensitive to cocaine than men. In fact, women begin using cocaine and enter treatment at earlier ages than men (Griffin et al. 1989;Mendelson et al. 1991) and have more severe cocaine use at intake than men (Kosten et al. 1993). .). Cocaine increased stereotypy rating, horizontal and vertical activity in both sexes, and effects were always greater in females than males. A population analysis using data from multiple experiments indicated that horizontal activity scores were normally distributed in males butSex differences in spontaneous and drug-stimulated behavior have been carefully studied in animals. Probably the most robust sex difference in behavior is the observation that female rats exhibit more running wheel activity than males (for review see Beatty 1979). Female rats are also often reported to be more active than males in open-field situations (Beatty 1979). These sex differences in basal or non-stimulated behavior are likely related to the reported sex differences in open-field behavior following psychomotor stimulant administration (van Hartesveldt and Joyce 1986 25 , NO . 1 Sex Differences in Cocaine Effects 119 particularly well known for producing greater behavioral effects in female rats following acute administration (Schneider and Norton 1979;Savageau and Beatty 1981;Becker et al. 1982;Camp et al. 1986;Camp and Robinson 1988a). Acute cocaine administration has also been reported to induce greater behavioral effects in female rats (van Haaren and Meyer 1991;Haney et al. 1994;Bowman and Kuhn 1996) and in mice (Sershen et al. 1998). However, in other reports, sex differences in acute cocaine-stimulated motor behavior were not observed in naïve Sprague-Dawley rats (Craft and Stratman 1996) and in three other rat strains (Cailhol and Mormede 1999). Thus, better evidence of sex-differences in acute behavioral effects in intact animals exists for amphetamine than cocaine. Gonadal and especially ovarian hormones have been investigated as likely modulators of these sex differences in behavior. Ovarian hormone effects on stimulant respon...

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“…This study indicates that the previously observed sex difference of female “impairment” on this task was not due to a memory deficit in females. Given the established finding that females are more exploratory than males (Anderson, 1941; Bengelloun et al, 1976), in the two-chambered task it was possible that females moved to the shock-paired chamber due to this increased motor activity, and not due to a memory deficit. In fact, once given an alternate option, female rats no longer returned to the shock-paired chamber.…”

Section: Acknowledge Complexity In Your Dependent Variables and Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Translational cognitive endocrinology: Designing rodent experiments with the goal to ultimately enhance cognitive health in women

Mennenga

Bimonte‐Nelson

2013

Brain Research

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Understanding the cognitive impact of endogenously derived, and exogenously administered, hormone alterations is necessary for developing hormone treatments to support healthy brain function in women, especially during aging. The increasing number of studies in the burgeoning area of translational cognitive neuroendocrinology has revealed numerous factors that influence the extent and direction of female steroid effects on cognition. Here, we discuss the decision processes underlying the design of rodent hormone manipulation experiments evaluating learning and memory. It is noted that even when beginning with a clear hypothesis-driven question, there are numerous factors to consider in order to solidify a sound experimental design that will yield clean, interpretable results. Decisions and considerations include: age of animals at hormone administration and test, ovariectomy implementation, when to administer hormones relative to ovarian hormone loss, how and whether to monitor the estrous cycle if animals are ovary-intact, dose of hormone, administration route of hormone, hormone treatment confirmation protocols, handling procedures required for hormone administration and treatment confirmation, cognitive domains to be tested and which mazes should be utilized to test these cognitive domains, and control measures to be used. A balanced view of optimal design and realistic experimental practice and protocol is presented. The emerging results from translational cognitive neuroendocrinology studies have been diverse, but also enlightening and exciting as we realize the broad scope and powerful nature of ovarian hormone effects on the brain and its function. We must design, implement, and interpret hormone and cognition experiments with sensitivity to these tenets, acknowledging and respecting the breadth and depth of the impact gonadal hormones have on brain functioning and its rich plasticity.

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Behavior of male and female rats with septal lesions: Influence of prior gonadectomy

Cited by 54 publications

References 50 publications

Peri-pubertal exposure to testicular hormones organizes response to novel environments and social behaviour in adult male rats

Peri-pubertal exposure to testicular hormones organizes response to novel environments and social behaviour in adult male rats

Sex Differences in Cocaine-Stimulated Motor Behavior Disparate Effects of Gonadectomy

Translational cognitive endocrinology: Designing rodent experiments with the goal to ultimately enhance cognitive health in women

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