Behavior of Lead Ions in Cassiterite Flotation Using Octanohydroxamic Acid

Abstract

The effects of lead ions on the flotation performance of the cassiterite system have been investigated using microflotation tests. Adsorption experiments, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurement, and zeta (ζ)-potential measurements were conducted. Octanohydroxamic acid and lead ion solution speciation simulations were used. These were used to correlate surface properties of lead-activated with cassiterite flotation performance. Flotation results indicate that the addition of lead ions activates the cassiterite flotation. The addition of lead ions enhanced the adsorption of octanohydroxamic acid on cassiterite, and the wetting characteristic of cassiterite decreased in the presence of octanohydroxamic acid and the addition of lead ions. ζ-Potential measurements and solution chemistry analyses confirmed that flotation recovery of the cassiterite increases due to Pb­(OH)+ and Pb3(OH)4 2+ sites on the cassiterite surface. XPS results indicated the adsorption of octanohydroxamic acid onto the cassiterite surface was through chemisorption, which combined with lead ions changed the chemical properties of the cassiterite surface.

Inhibition mechanism of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Fe 3+ in fine cassiterite flotation using octanohydroxamic acid

“…As shown in figure 17 c , the O1s spectrum also displayed two peaks in the presence of OHA and calcium ions. The peak at 531.27 eV was assigned to the O=C oxygen atom of the OHA molecule [ 35 , 36 ]; it showed the adsorption of OHA on the surface of cassiterite. The peak at 530.12 eV was assigned to the oxygen of the cassiterite; the binding energy of this peak decreased by 0.13 eV compared to the calcium ion-treated cassiterite surface and 0.46 eV compared to the untreated cassiterite surface.…”

Effect of Al (III) Ions on the Separation of Cassiterite and Clinochlore Through Reverse Flotation

“…Moreover, parts of cassiterite samples were further fine ground to −5 µm for XPS analyses. of cassiterite in direct flotation even with an efficient collector [11,15,16]. Therefore, the separation of 44 clinochlore from cassiterite is difficult to achieve in direct flotation due to the hydrophobic property 45 of clinochlore surface.…”

“…Contact angle is a common method to characterize and quantify the surface hydrophobicity [10]. The contact angle of natural cassiterite is around 35 • [11], suggesting that the natural hydrophobicity of cassiterite surfaces is very poor. However, clinochlore ((Mg,Al,Fe) 12 [(Si,Al) 8 ,O 20 ](OH) 16 ) is a layered silicate with 2:1 structure and its contact angle is about 115 • in water [12].…”

“…It is a hydrophobic clay mineral that can be easily entrained into froth layers, thus lowering the concentrate grade [13,14]. Moreover, clinochlore could attach on cassiterite surfaces as "slime coating", which has detrimental effect on the recovery of cassiterite in direct flotation even with an efficient collector [11,15,16]. Therefore, the separation of clinochlore from cassiterite is difficult to achieve in direct flotation due to the hydrophobic property of clinochlore surface.…”

Investigating flotation behavior and mechanism of modified mineral oil in the separation of apatite ore

“…The vibration and lattice vibration of the PO4 tetrahedron inside the apatite was the primary origin of the apatite spectrum. The peaks at 1044.38 cm −1 and 602.37 cm −1 were attributed to the asymmetric stretching vibration of P-O-P bond in PO4 3− , the peak at 574.37 cm −1 indicated the in-plane bending vibration of P-O-P in PO4 3− (Lu et al, 1998;Ren et al, 2017). Meanwhile, apatite also had an infrared characteristic peak of carbonate and hydroxyl groups.…”