Behavior of invasive stages of Eimeria tenella in the immune fowl (Gallus domesticus)

Horton‐Smith, C.; Long, P. L.; Pierce, A. E.

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(63)90011-0

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Several studies have provided evidence that protective immunity does target the early stages of sporozoite migration (Tyzzer et al 1932;Horton-Smith et al 1963;Rose et al 1984). The development of immunity to E. maxima appears to be associated (in part) with a high proportion of the sporozoites remaining in the lamina propria and not continuing their migration to the intestinal crypts (Riley and Fernando 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of sporozoite transport after homologous and heterologous challenge in chickens immunized with the Guelph strain or the Florida strain of Eimeria maxima

Beattie

Fernando

Barta

2001

Parasitology Research

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The two strains of Eimeria maxima, Guelph and Florida, used in this study were previously shown to only partially cross-protect immunologically with respect to lesion scores, weight gains and feed conversions after heterologous challenge. In this paper, we provide evidence that this partial lack of cross-protection is manifested at the level of sporozoite transport. In birds immunized and challenged with the homologous strain, sporozoites accumulated in the lamina propria and were blocked from further movement into the crypts by 72 h post-challenge, unlike the situation observed in naive birds. Fewer than 5% of sporozoites were found in the crypts by 72 h post-challenge. In immunized birds challenged with the heterologous strain, fewer sporozoites reached the crypts than in naive birds but at least four times as many sporozoites successfully migrated to the crypts, when compared with birds challenged with the homologous strain. The degree of cross-protection afforded by the heterologous strain as measured by sporozoite transport success was not equally reciprocal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of sporozoite transport after homologous and heterologous challenge in chickens immunized with the Guelph strain or the Florida strain of Eimeria maxima

Beattie

Fernando

Barta

2001

Parasitology Research

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“…It is well known that chickens develop species-specific protective immunity after one or more infections with the same Eimeria species (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). There is also strong evidence that the intracellular replication stages of E. tenella constitute a primary target for the protective immune mechanisms (4,6,9,12,13). The exact mechanisms involved in protective immunity are however no yet characterized in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of local CD8β‐expressing cell populations during Eimeria tenella infection of naïve and immune chickens

Wattrang

Thebo

Lundén

et al. 2016

Parasite Immunology

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The purpose of this study was to monitor abundance and activation of local CD8β-expressing T-cell populations during Eimeria tenella infections of naïve chickens and chickens immune by previous infections. Chickens were infected with E. tenella up to three times. Caecal T-cell receptor (TCR) γ/δ-CD8β+ cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes; CTL) and TCRγ/δ+CD8β+ cells were characterized with respect to activation markers (blast transformation, CD25 and cell surface CD107a). Cells were also induced to degranulate in vitro as a measure of activation potential. Major findings included a prominent long-lasting, up to 6 weeks, increase in the proportion of CTL among caecal CD45+ cells in the later stages after primary E. tenella infection. These CTL also showed clear signs of activation, that is blast transformation and increased in vitro induced degranulation. At second and third E. tenella infection, chickens showed strong protective immunity but discrete signs of cellular activation were observed, for example increased in vitro induced degranulation of CTL. Thus, primary E. tenella infection induced clear recruitment and activation of local CTL. Upon subsequent infections of strongly immune chickens cellular changes were less prominent, possibly due to lower overall numbers of cells being activated because of the severe restriction of parasite replication.

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“…The sporozoites migrate through the lamina propria to the crypt epithelium where they develop into schizonts. It is generally agreed that protective immunity does not block sporozoites from penetrating the epithelium, but it is not clear to what extent immune responses to E. tenella sporozoites in the gut lumen can block penetration (Horton-Smith, Long & Pierce 1963, Rose, Lawn & Millard 1984, Jeurissen, Janse & Vermeulen 1989a). Infection confers resistance to reinfection and many studies have demonstrated that during reinfection only a few sporozoites reach the crypt epithelium in immune chickens, and those that do are unable to develop further (Horton-Smith et al 1963, Rose et al 1984, Riley & Fernando 1988, Vervelde, Vermeulen & Jeurissen 1993, 1995.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ characterization of leucocyte subpopulations after infection with Eimeria tenella in chickens

Vervelde¹,

Vermeulen²,

Jeurissen³

1996

Parasite Immunology

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We characterized the leucocyte subpopulations after infection with Eimeria tenella in both naive and immune chickens. Immunocytochemical staining was used to characterize the cells in situ, so that the interaction between host and parasite could be studied. More leucocytes were detected in the lamina propria of immune chickens, and leucocytes infiltrated the ceca more rapidly than in naive chickens, but the infiltration was less pronounced than in naive chickens. In naive chickens, most infiltrated leucocytes were macrophages and T cells. Two days after inoculation the number of CD4+ cells had increased greatly. In immune chickens, mainly T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) infiltrated the lamina propria, and in contrast to naive chickens, the number of CD8+ cells exceeded the number of CD4+ cells. Furthermore, we characterized which cells contained a parasite and which cells were detected next to the parasites, because these cells are probably involved in the arrested development of the parasites. In naive chickens, sporozoites were significantly more often located within or next to macrophages than in immune chickens. In immune chickens, sporozoites were significantly more often located within or next to CD3+, CD8+, and TCR2+ cells. In conclusion, the marked increase of CD4+ cells after primary infection suggests that these cells are involved in the induction of the immune response, whereas the increase of CD8+ cells after challenge infection suggests that these cells act as effector cells.

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Behavior of invasive stages of Eimeria tenella in the immune fowl (Gallus domesticus)

Cited by 36 publications

References 8 publications

A comparison of sporozoite transport after homologous and heterologous challenge in chickens immunized with the Guelph strain or the Florida strain of Eimeria maxima

A comparison of sporozoite transport after homologous and heterologous challenge in chickens immunized with the Guelph strain or the Florida strain of Eimeria maxima

Monitoring of local CD8β‐expressing cell populations during Eimeria tenella infection of naïve and immune chickens

In situ characterization of leucocyte subpopulations after infection with Eimeria tenella in chickens

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