Behavior of Human Osteoblast Cells Cultured on Titanium Discs in Relation to Surface Roughness and Presence of Melatonin

Abstract

The aim of this work was to observe the behavior of osteoblast cells cultured in vitro on titanium discs in relation to disc surface roughness and the addition of melatonin to the culture medium. MG63 osteoblast cells were cultivated on 120 Grade 5 Ti divided into three groups: Group E, treated with dual acid etch; Group EP, treated with dual acid etch and calcium phosphate; and Group M, machined. Surface roughness was examined under a laser scanning confocal microscope (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The proliferation and morphology of cells were determined under fluorescence microscopy and SEM. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of different genes related to osteoblastic differentiation was quantified by means of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The greatest surface roughness was found in Group EP (Ra 0.354 µm), followed by Group E (Ra 0.266 µm), and Group M (Ra 0.131 µm), with statistically significant differences between the groups (p < 0.001). In the presence of melatonin a trend to a higher cell proliferation was observed in all groups although significant differences were only found in Group M (p = 0.0079). Among the genes studied, a significant increase in phosphate-regulating neutral endopeptidase, X-linked (PHEX) expression was observed in cells cultured on EP discs. The addition of melatonin increased osteoblast cell proliferation and differentiation, and may favor the osseointegration of dental implants.

Influence of the Surface Roughness of PEEK GRF30 and Ti6Al4V SLM on the Viability of Primary Human Osteoblasts Determined by the MTT Test

“…The results suggest that there may exist a certain surface condition, different from polished, on which osteoblast cells are characterized by a higher viability. This statement is confirmed in the available literature, according to which the Ra value of 0.3 µm, is optimal for achieving adequate cell viability [45]. This is also confirmed by other studies, which state that external cracks on surfaces can positively affect the viability of osteoblasts [46].…”

Bioactivation Treatment with Mixed Acid and Heat on Titanium Implants Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting Enhances Preosteoblast Cell Differentiation

“…This indicates that the calcium deposition in the extracellular matrix is affected by both the surface roughness and chemical factors. The Alp produced by osteoblasts promotes matrix mineralization by increasing the concentration of phosphate ions and inhibiting phosphoric ester activity [ 48 ]. Enhanced osteogenic differentiation was also indicated by quantitative measurement of osteogenic-related gene expression by RT-PCR.…”

Implant‐bone‐interface: Reviewing the impact of titanium surface modifications on osteogenic processes in vitro and in vivo

“…Studies to analyze the effect of different titanium implant surface modifications on in vitro osteogenesis were conducted using various mammalian cell lines, such as MSCs or murine calvarial (pre)osteoblasts. 48,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] As summarized in Table 2, the majority of the reviewed studies used disc 69,48,[61][62][63][64]70,71,65 or rectangular 66,72,67 shaped titanium implants with varying surface modifications, for example, gritblasting, magnetron sputtering or acidic treatment.…”