Behavior of Cd during Coal Combustion: An Overview

Abstract

Due to the unfavorable combination of its toxicity and high volatility, Cd is contained in most lists of potentially hazardous air pollutants with the greatest environmental and human-health concerns. The review paper evaluates the behavior of Cd during combustion (incineration) processes and its redistribution among condensed fractions (bottom ash/slag, fly ash) and volatilized fractions (that passes through most particulate control devices). The paper addresses all important effects of Cd interactions, such as presence of organic or inorganic chlorides, moisture levels, S, P and Na concentrations, flue gas composition etc. Possibilities of using various adsorbents (either within in-furnace regime or applied in post-combustion zone) are evaluated as well. Special attention is paid to mitigating its emissions factors; decreasing Cd volatility and facilitating Cd retention are discussed with the view of various combustion (incineration) conditions and the feed fuel composition.

Pollutant Emissions and Heavy Metal Migration in Co-Combustion of Sewage Sludge and Coal

“…According to the simulation results, the non-volatile elements were concentrated in ash, the volatile elements were enriched in gas, and the behaviors of the semi-volatile elements depended on the type of incinerator. Barto ňová et al [33] focused on the behavior of Cd, due to its toxicity and high volatility, and discussed the possibilities of decreasing Cd emissions. Liu et al [34] discovered that adding low-rank coals successfully reduced the amount of Cl and Zn combined and encouraged metal minerals to absorb ZnCl 2 .…”

Distribution of As within Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Fractions of Fluidized-Bed Coal Combustion Ash

“…Coal has long been a reliable energy source and currently, it is also intensively studied as the source of critical elements, such as REE and Y [1,2]; Ge and Ga [3][4][5]; Li [6]; Nb [5,7]; U, Se, and Re [6]; or Ta, Zr, and Hf [7]. However, due to the presence of minor and trace elements, it can be responsible for serious pollution problems [8][9][10][11]. In general, during coal combustion, minor and trace elements are redistributed among bottom ash (BA) or slag, fly ash (FA), and emissions.…”