Behavior of carbonate and magnesium ions in the initial crystallites at the early developmental stages of the rat calvaria

Kakei, Mitsuo; Nakahara, Hiroyuki; Tamura, Norihiro; Itoh, Hisaaki; Kumegawa, Masayoshi

doi:10.1016/s0940-9602(97)80065-9

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Recently, we have proposed the mechanism underlying the development of crystal structure defects and the increase of amorphous minerals in calcified hard tissues and can be explained as follows: Each crystal develops within the organic envelope structure based on our previous findings and current study results, 27–34) which consists of an inner mineral zone, comprising of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium ions, 29,30) and a surrounding thin outer organic layer. As mentioned before, carbonate ions released by the action of CA initiate the crystal nucleation by binding to Mg ions at the initial stage of crystal development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Combined effects of estrogen deficiency and cadmium exposure on calcified hard tissues: Animal model relating to itai-itai disease in postmenopausal women

Kakei

Tanaka

Yoshikawa

2013

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biologic

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Using ovariectomized rats as a model of postmenopausal women, we studied the effects of estrogen (Es) deficiency and in combination with cadmium (Cd) exposure on the calcified hard tissues related to the development of itai-itai disease. Es deficiency suppressed the synthesis of carbonic anhydrase required for the crystal nucleation process, causing the crystal structure defects in the tooth enamel. Regarding the combined effects of Es deficiency and Cd exposure on the bone, in which rats were given drinking water containing Cd ions, soft X-ray radiography revealed a development of labyrinthine pattern in the calvaria, and micro-computed tomography demonstrated the declining trabecular architecture of the tibia, suggesting Cd–induced osteoporotic change. Further, electron microscopy showed the increase of amorphous minerals in the calvaria. In conclusion, the combined effects of Es deficiency and Cd exposure can be responsible for accelerating the declining bone strength together with the crystal structure defects resulting in the preferential occurrence of itai-itai disease in postmenopausal women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Combined effects of estrogen deficiency and cadmium exposure on calcified hard tissues: Animal model relating to itai-itai disease in postmenopausal women

Kakei

Tanaka

Yoshikawa

2013

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biologic

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“…In contrast, crystals with CDLs require the supply of carbonate ions for CDL formation, as described previously 37,38) . Besides, the presence of residual granular bodies embedded in calcified deposits is quite unusual, as compared to the observations in bones (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ultrastructure of Apatite Crystals Formed During Vascular Calcification in Humans

Kakei

Tanaka

Mishima

et al. 2009

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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:Using a transmission electron microscope, we compared the ultrastructure of apatite crystals of normal calcified hard tissue to that of apatite crystals created under pathological conditions. We also sought to verify whether the process of calcification resembles that of osteogenesis after the phenotypic change of soft tissue cells into hard tissue-forming cells. Electron micrographs clearly revealed that cellular debris, plausibly originating from degenerated immune cells like macrophages as well as perivascular cells in intima of femoral artery lesions, seemed to serve in the formation of an organic envelope. This indicates that crystal formation is accompanied by the death of cells. Judging from the lattice image, we also found that the calcified deposits consisted of 2 distinct types of apatite crystals. One type has central dark lines, while the other does not have lines. In addition, the crystals were of various sizes and some showed lattice defects. From these findings, we concluded that ectopic calcification occurred in a manner different from the calcification of normal hard tissues, suggesting that cellular phenotypic change may not happen in vivo.

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“…This anabolic bone tissue is characterized by high levels of unique types of collagens, such as Coll VI and XII, that play a major regulatory role ( Izu et al, 2011 ; Kohara et al, 2016 ). Furthermore, nascent ossified bone tissue in both fracture calluses and in developing bone contain ionic substitutions ( Quint et al, 1980 ; Kakei et al, 1997 ), specifically Mg 2+ , in the hydroxyapatite crystalline structure that allows for rapid ion exchange. Thus, the key to the development of new scaffolds for bone repair lies in recapitulating both the inorganic and organic phases of the anabolic bone niche.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mimicking the Organic and Inorganic Composition of Anabolic Bone Enhances Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteoinduction and Scaffold Mechanical Properties

Mondragón

Cowdin

Taraballi

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Engineered bone graft designs have been largely inspired by adult bone despite functionally significant differences from the composition of anabolic bone in both the mineralized and non-mineralized fractions. Specifically, anabolic bone contains hydroxyapatite with ionic substitutions that facilitate bone turnover and relatively rare collagens type VI and XII that are important for normal bone development. In this work, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured in lyophilized collagen type I scaffolds mineralized with hydroxyapatite containing Mg 2+ substitutions, then induced to deposit an extracellular matrix (ECM) containing collagens VI and XII by exposure to GW9662, a PPARγ inhibitor. Delivery of GW9662 was accomplished through either Supplemented Media or via composite microspheres embedded in the scaffolds for localized delivery. Furthermore, hMSCs and scaffolds were cultured in both static and perfuse conditions to investigate the interaction between GW9662 treatment and perfusion and their effects on ECM deposition trends. Perfusion culture enhanced cell infiltration into the scaffold, deposition of collagen VI and XII, as well as osteogenic differentiation, as determined by gene expression of osteopontin, BMP2, and ALP. Furthermore, scaffold mineral density and compressive modulus were increased in response to both GW9662 treatment and perfusion after 3 weeks of culture. Local delivery of GW9662 with drug-eluting microspheres had comparable effects to systemic delivery in the perfusate. Together, these results demonstrate a strategy to create a scaffold mimicking both organic and inorganic characteristics of anabolic bone and its potential as a bone graft.

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Behavior of carbonate and magnesium ions in the initial crystallites at the early developmental stages of the rat calvaria

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Combined effects of estrogen deficiency and cadmium exposure on calcified hard tissues: Animal model relating to itai-itai disease in postmenopausal women

Combined effects of estrogen deficiency and cadmium exposure on calcified hard tissues: Animal model relating to itai-itai disease in postmenopausal women

Ultrastructure of Apatite Crystals Formed During Vascular Calcification in Humans

Mimicking the Organic and Inorganic Composition of Anabolic Bone Enhances Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteoinduction and Scaffold Mechanical Properties

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