Behavior of benzene and 1,3-butadiene concentrations in the urban atmosphere of Tokyo, Japan

Laowagul, Wanna; Yoshizumi, Kunio

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.032

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The concentration of benzene was 8.2, 3.6, 3.1, and 3.7 µg m -3 at Sites A, B, C, and D, respectively. At present, the European Union requires an average annual atmospheric benzene concentration of less than 5 µg m -3 (European Commission, 2000), and Japan sets an air quality standard for atmospheric benzene of 3 µg m -3 (Laowagul and Yoshizumi, 2009). In contrast to these regulations, the simulation results indicate that the benzene concentrations in the ambient air of the LYPIC were higher.…”

Section: Results Of Air Dispersion Modelingcontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…Formaldehyde, which is also a chemical sampled at the LYPIC, may be underestimated due to photochemical reactions, resulting in the underestimation of cancer risk. By contrast, benzene is considered to be more stable in the atmosphere (Laowagul et al, 2009). USEPA (2003) have conducted a study to compare the annual average concentrations obtained from ISCST3 modeling with observations from five field studies.…”

Section: Uncertainty Analysis and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from a Petrochemical Industrial Complex

Chen

Lin

Lai

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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A health risk assessment for the Lin-Yuan Petrochemical Industrial Complex (LYPIC) in southern Taiwan was conducted in this study. The main aims of the study were to develop an emission inventory for the 21 processing plants in the LYPIC, conduct hazard identification based on the emission inventory, perform an exposure assessment by applying air dispersion modeling to obtain the annual average concentration of hazardous air pollutants near the LYPIC, and estimate the lifetime risk of cancer associated with volatile organic compound exposure for residents living in the vicinity of the LYPIC. Comparing with the reported monitoring data from several petrochemical and refinery plants in the world, the estimated exposure concentrations in this study were within reasonable range. The results of cancer risk assessment showed that the cumulative excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) at four representative residential sites surrounding the LYPIC were in the range of 9.3 × 10 -5 to 1.7 × 10 -4. From a risk management perspective, in order to protect human health, greater emphasis on the reduction of emissions of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile, and vinyl chloride is recommended. This study provides a feasible risk assessment procedure to identify the key carcinogenic chemicals emitted from a petrochemical industrial complex.

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Section: Results Of Air Dispersion Modelingcontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Uncertainty Analysis and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from a Petrochemical Industrial Complex

Chen

Lin

Lai

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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show abstract

“…Mean ambient air concentration of benzene in rural areas is about 0.32 ppb and in urban areas the concentration of benzene is in the range 1.56-6.5 ppb (Theakston 2000). In Japan, the ambient air quality standard for benzene has been set to be 0.85 ppb (Laowagul and Yoshizumi 2009). In conurbations, which are characterized by both high levels of population density and traffic-related air pollution, traffic is the most important source of ambient air benzene concentration (Colls and Micallef 1997;Bahrami and Edwards 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of variations in benzene concentration produced from vehicles and gas stations in Tehran using GIS

Atabi

Moattar

Mansouri

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This study investigates the variations of benzene concentration levels in district 1, situated in the north part of Tehran, capital of Iran. Thirty-three stations in five categories, namely roadsides, busy roads, residential areas, traffic intersections, and the vicinity of gas stations, were monitored during the rush hours in the afternoon once a week over a period of 1 year. Accordingly, benzene concentration levels were measured and predicted by inverse distance weight model. The recorded benzene concentration levels were then compared with those reported in other parts of the world. According to the results, the annual concentration levels of benzene was 13.85 ppb for roads with heavy traffic flow, 14.98 ppb for traffic intersections, 29.01 ppb for the vicinity of the gas stations, 3.26 ppb for residential areas, and 9.97 ppb for roadsides. The concentration of benzene in the vicinity of the gas station sampling point was higher than in the other stations, and at all locations was found to be so much more than the standard concentration levels (1.56 ppb) prescribed by Environmental Protection Agency for the ambient air quality. The results of the study revealed that the benzene concentration levels in Tehran are distinctly more than its standard level. This is mainly attributed to the poor quality of fuel and lack of a standard system for controlling petrol vapors in the gas stations.

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“…Nowadays, benzene content in gasoline varies from less than 1% to 5%, depending on the fuel quality, legislations and the season. In Japan, the ambient air quality standard for benzene is set to 0.85 ppb, and its content in gasoline is regulated to be < 0.5 wt% [10]. Exposure to benzene can result in a number of critical health effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS-based assessment of cancer risk due to benzene in Tehran ambient air

Atabi¹,

Mirzahosseini²

2013

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the risk of cancer due to benzene in the ambient air of gas stations and traffic zones in the north of Tehran. The cancer risk was estimated using the population distribution data for benzene levels and the unit risk for benzene proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Material and Methods: Sixteen sampling locations were monitored, once every week, during 5 April 2010 to 25 March 2011. Results:The results showed that the mean annual benzene concentration was 14.51±3.17 parts per billion (ppb) for traffic zones and 29.01±1.32 ppb for outside gas stations. The risk calculated was 1026×10 -6 for gas station 27 and 955×10 -6 for gas station 139. Conclusions: According to our results, the annual benzene level in Tehran ambient air is 2 to 20 times higher than the respective value specified in International Standard (1.56 ppb). Moreover, the results showed a notable increase of cancer risks, ranging from 10% to 56%, for the vicinity population close to the gas stations in comparison to the vicinity population in the traffic zones.

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Behavior of benzene and 1,3-butadiene concentrations in the urban atmosphere of Tokyo, Japan

Cited by 23 publications

References 53 publications

Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from a Petrochemical Industrial Complex

Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from a Petrochemical Industrial Complex

Assessment of variations in benzene concentration produced from vehicles and gas stations in Tehran using GIS

GIS-based assessment of cancer risk due to benzene in Tehran ambient air

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