Behavior of actively cooled mock-ups with plasma sprayed tungsten coating under high heat flux conditions

Failure behaviors of vacuum plasma sprayed tungsten coatings for plasma facing application

“…Heat flux tests were applied to evaluate the thermal shock behaviors of tungsten as plasma facing material using the electron beam facility and tokamak plasma irradiation [5][6][7][8]. The cracks, delamination and melting were observed with the increase of heat flux, though it can withstand about 10 MW/m 2 heat flux.…”

High-temperature digital image correlation method for full-field deformation measurement captured with filters at 2600°C using spraying to form speckle patterns

“…In this paper, tungsten is used to spray the speckle pattern by a plasma spraying method. Tungsten is an excellent candidate armor material for plasma facing components in nuclear fusion reactors 12 and other equipment operating in high-temperature environments due to its high physical sputtering threshold energy, high melting point (3410°C), low vapor pressure (1.3 × 10 −7 Pa @ T melt ), good thermal conductivity (180 W∕mK), [13][14][15] and a thermal expansion coefficient that is closer to the thermal expansion coefficient of the carbon material than other materials used in spraying. In this experiment, air was first removed by vacuum, and then the space was filled in with the protective gas to prevent speckle oxidation.…”

Modification of vacuum plasma sprayed tungsten coating on reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels by friction stir processing

“…Diffusion bonding, such as plasma sintering may allow to expect good mechanical properties of W, but the formation of brittle interlayer is inevitable, and it is difficult to apply to large areas like the first wall of blanket [2]. The vacuum plasma spray (VPS) technique has been investigated as it is practical for coating large area [3]. The issues are the thermal conductivity and the strength of VPS-W, i.e., the thermal conductivity of VPS-W was significantly lower than that of the bulk W, and the hardness of VPS-W is much less than that of the bulk W [4].…”