Behavior of a random hollow sphere metal foam

Lim, Tae-Seong; Smith, B.H.; McDowell, David L.

doi:10.1016/s1359-6454(02)00111-8

Cited by 139 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…however, for hollow sphere steel foams experiments report ranges from 0 (or even slightly negative) to 0.4 [43] and 0.09 to 0.2 [37] depending on the density and manufacturing method. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 15 absorption up to 50% strain, range from 40 MJ/m 3 to 100 MJ/m 3 , for densities near 50% [19,20,22].…”

Section: Experimentally Measured Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Steel foam for structures: A review of applications, manufacturing and material properties

Smith

Szyniszewski

Hajjar

et al. 2012

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

323

103

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Section: Experimentally Measured Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Experimentally measured steel foam material properties exhibit significant variability across manufacturing methods, research groups, and even within nominally identical specimens [43].…”

Section: Testing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steel foam for structures: A review of applications, manufacturing and material properties

Smith

Szyniszewski

Hajjar

et al. 2012

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

323

103

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“…Such hollow sphere agglomerates have not only good mechanical properties such as high specific energy absorption capacities and high specific strengths, but also excellent thermal and acoustic properties [13][14]. Previous studies in the open literature showed that the different packing of hollow spheres, for example body-centred cubic (BCC), face-centred cubic (FCC) and random packing, have different elastic modulus and initial yield strength [15][16][17]. However, the packing mode can not be analyzed in the present work because the supplied hollow sphere agglomerates are randomly packed and joined by sintering.…”

Section: Epoxy Hollow Spheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact behaviour of hollow sphere agglomerates with density gradient

Zeng¹,

Pattofatto²,

Zhao³

et al. 2010

International Journal of Mechanical Sciences

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Abstract. This paper presents a study on the influence of the density gradient profile on the mechanical response of graded polymeric hollow sphere agglomerates under impact loading.Quasi-static, standard split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests as well as higher speed direct impact Hopkinson bar tests and Taylor tests are performed on such hollow sphere agglomerates with various density gradient profiles. It is found that the density gradient profile has a rather limited effect on the energy absorption capacity from those tests. It is because the testing velocity performed (<50 m/s) is rather small with respect to its average sound wave speed (around 500 m/s) and the equilibrium stress state can be reached rather quickly. The high impact tests allow to generate a non-equilibrium state condition and the influence of density profiles is clearly observed. Besides, in order to extend this study to the situation beyond our testing limitations, a numerical model is built on the basis of the experimental behaviour data. It confirms the important influence of the density gradient profile under a non-equilibrium stress state situation. This study shows that placing the hardest layer as the first impacted layer and the weakest layer as the last layer has some benefits in terms of maximum energy absorption with a minimum force level transmitted to the protected structures.

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“…These plateau stresses compare favorably to other hollow sphere foams with similar materials, which exhibit plateau stresses of 5 and 23 MPa. [9][10][11] SEM observation showed that the powder was able to completely fill up all spaces between spheres and SEM images show that the only distinction between the sphere walls and the sintered matrix is the visible density of porosities in the matrix (Figs. 5, 6).…”

Section: Pm Foammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two such hollow sphere materials have been created and studied by Georgia Tech and Fraunhofer. [9][10][11] These materials exhibited plateau stresses of 5 and 23 MPa respectively, with energy absorbing capabilities of 2 and 10 MJ/m 3 respectively, up to 50% strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing and Characterization of a New Composite Metal Foam

et al. 2006

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New closed cell composite metal foam has been processed using both casting and powder metallurgy (PM) techniques. The foam is comprised of steel hollow spheres packed into a dense arrangement, with the interstitial spaces between spheres occupied with a solid metal matrix. Using the casting technique, an aluminum alloy infiltrates the interstitial spaces between steel spheres. In the PM technique, steel spheres and steel powder are sintered to form a solid, closed cell structure. The measured densities of the Al-Fe composite foam, low carbon steel foam, and stainless steel foam are 2.4, 2.6, and 2.9 g/cm 3 with relative densities of 42, 34, and 37%, respectively. The composite metal foams composite materials developed in this study displayed superior compressive strength as compared to any other foam being produced with similar materials. The compressive strength of the cast Al-Fe foam averaged 67 MPa over a region of 10 to 50% strain, while the low carbon steel PM foam averaged 76 MPa over the same strain region, and the stainless steel PM foam averaged 136 MPa over the same region. Densification began at approximately 50% for the cast foam and ranged from 50 to 55% for the PM foams. The strength to density ratio of the product of both techniques exceeded twice that of foams processed using other techniques with similar materials.

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Behavior of a random hollow sphere metal foam

Cited by 139 publications

References 2 publications

Steel foam for structures: A review of applications, manufacturing and material properties

Steel foam for structures: A review of applications, manufacturing and material properties

Impact behaviour of hollow sphere agglomerates with density gradient

Processing and Characterization of a New Composite Metal Foam

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