Behavior modeling of a type B RCD

Panda, Rajendran; Veeramalla, Jitendar

doi:10.1109/icpeices.2016.7853100

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Then the curve flattens, and the RCD needs 2540 mA to achieve tripping at a frequency of 150 kHz. This behaviour might be further explained by looking into the components of a type-B RCD as it contains an extra sensing circuit compared to the types A and AC [11]. This, however, is out of scope for this research.…”

Section: B Hf Trip Sensitivity and Determination Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of High-Frequency Residual Currents on the Operation of Residual Current Devices

Slangen

Lustenhouwer

Ćuk

et al. 2021

REPQJ

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This research investigates the effects of high frequency currents between 50 Hz and 150 kHz on the operation of Residual Current Devices (RCDs). Nowadays, the increasing amount of large power-electronic switching devices can be a source of both harmonics (<2 kHz) and supraharmonics (2-150 kHz) currents injected to the grid. This can have several effects and possibly lead to unwanted tripping of RCDs, due to high earth-currents that can be emitted by the devices. The question is if supraharmonics can also lead to misoperation or fail-to-operate conditions for the RCDs, potentially leading to serious safety risks. A set-up is developed to introduce both 50 Hz and highfrequency leakage currents. First, the 50 Hz tripping-current of the RCDs is tested under nominal conditions. Secondly, the tripping current for non-nominal frequencies (between 50 Hz and 150 kHz) is determined to verify the possibility for false tripping. Lastly, the 50 Hz tripping current for the RCD is tested in the presence of a high-frequency current. The most important conclusion is that RCDs of type A and AC have an increased fundamental (50 Hz) tripping current when there are HFcomponents present. This potentially results in a safety risk.

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Section: B Hf Trip Sensitivity and Determination Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of High-Frequency Residual Currents on the Operation of Residual Current Devices

Slangen

Lustenhouwer

Ćuk

et al. 2021

REPQJ

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“…It is mentioned that a pulse width modulated residual waveform may not be detected by some types of RCDs. A mathematical approach to the detection of distorted currents, including mixed-frequency waveforms, is presented in [22]. However, it is only a simulative study, without laboratory tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of Residual Current Devices at Frequencies up to 50 kHz

Czapp

Tariq

2021

Energies

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The use of residual current devices (RCDs) is obligatory in many types of low-voltage circuits. They are devices that ensure protection against electric shock in the case of indirect contact and may ensure additional protection in the case of direct contact. For the latter purpose of protection, only RCDs of a rated residual operating current not exceeding 30 mA are suitable. Unfortunately, modem current-using equipment supplied via electronic converters with a pulse width modulation produces earth fault currents composed of high-frequency components. Frequency of these components may have even several dozen kHz. Such components negatively influence the RCDs’ tripping level and, hence, protection against electric shock may be ineffective. This paper presents the results of the RCDs’ tripping test for frequencies up to 50 kHz. The results of the test have shown that many RCDs offered on the market are not able to trip for such frequencies. Such behavior was also noted for F-type and B-type RCDs which are recommended for the circuits of high-frequency components. Results of the test have been related to the requirements of the standards concerning RCDs operation. The conclusion is that these requirements are not sufficient nowadays and should be modified. Proposals for their modification are presented.

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“…The manufacturer [25] even recommends special types of RCDs to such circuits. An advanced type of RCD (B-type) is studied in [26], but it is a relatively expensive RCD and used only in specific applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Sensitivity of A-Type Residual Current Devices to Earth Fault Currents with Harmonics

Czapp

2020

Sensors

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In many applications, modern current-using equipment utilizes power electronic converters to control the consumed power and to adjust the motor speed. Such equipment is used both in industrial and domestic installations. A characteristic feature of the converters is producing distorted earth fault currents, which contain a wide spectrum of harmonics, including high-order harmonics. Nowadays, protection against electric shock in low-voltage power systems is commonly performed with the use of residual current devices (RCDs). In the presence of harmonics, the RCDs may have a tripping current significantly different from that provided for the nominal sinusoidal waveform. Thus, in some cases, protection against electric shock may not be effective. The aim of this paper is to present the result of a wide-range laboratory test of the sensitivity of A-type RCDs in the presence of harmonics. This test has shown that the behavior of RCDs in the presence of harmonics can be varied, including the cases in which the RCD does not react to the distorted earth fault current, as well as cases in which the sensitivity of the RCD is increased. The properties of the main elements of RCDs, including the current sensor, for high-frequency current components are discussed as well.2 of 20 may prevent a person from fatal electric shock, provided that the RCD's rated residual operating current does not exceed 30 mA, which is assumed as the threshold of ventricular fibrillation [3].

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Behavior modeling of a type B RCD

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

The Effects of High-Frequency Residual Currents on the Operation of Residual Current Devices

The Effects of High-Frequency Residual Currents on the Operation of Residual Current Devices

Behavior of Residual Current Devices at Frequencies up to 50 kHz

Testing Sensitivity of A-Type Residual Current Devices to Earth Fault Currents with Harmonics

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