Behavior Ecology of the Javan Green Peafowl (Pavo muticus muticus Linnaeus 1758) in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Park, East Java

Hernowo, Jarwadi Budi; Mardiastuti, Ani; Alikodra, Hadi S.; Kusmana, Cecep

doi:10.4308/hjb.18.4.164

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It is difficult to say if these habitats could be suitable if not heavily disturbed by human presence. In all other areas, except the Merak savannah, we did see long‐tailed macaques, and with many seed dispersers having experienced a reduction in population size and/or change in distribution in BNP (Hakim et al, ; Hernowo, ; Semiadi & Meijaard, ), maintaining long‐tailed macaques in nonanthropogenic areas may be of interest from an ecological point of view. The habitat suitability map shows preference for many different habitats at different levels, indicating that long‐tailed macaques could employ several ecological roles in BNP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Hansen

Nawangsari

Beest

et al. 2019

Conservat Sci and Prac

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Knowledge about distribution of primate species and their densities is crucial for conservation and management. However, such information is often lacking or anecdotal, even for seemingly abundant species. Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are distributed across southeast Asia and recognized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group (IUCN SSC PSG) as both widespread and rapidly declining. Precise local density and abundance data are scarce across their range. To provide density and abundance estimates for a long-tailed macaque population we conducted line transect distance sampling throughout Baluran National Park (250 km 2 ), East Java, Indonesia covering all habitats. Long-tailed macaque density was 41.4 ind/km 2 (95% confidence interval, CI: 23.04-74.39), with an estimated abundance of 10,350 individuals (95% CI: 5,760-18,598). A density of 41.4 ind/km 2 is lower than previous estimates for other sites in Java. Species distribution and habitat suitability analysis revealed a macaque preference for areas close to or on roads and trails, invasive acacia and/or native savannah. Long-tailed macaques were provisioned with human food by commuters and tourists along roads and trails, probably structuring their distribution/habitat use.To evaluate if long-tailed-macaques have been overestimated for years, we also conducted a nonrandom point distance sampling survey according to macaque presence restricted to roads and trails. This survey provided density and abundance results much higher than the line transect distance sampling survey. Our study provides much needed baseline data for this species. Baluran National Park management and management in other areas can use these results to create informed management decisions regarding long-tailed macaques. We recommend conducting systematic surveys of long-tailed macaques throughout their range, and possibly reassessing conservation status, and conservation and management measures for long-tailed macaques. K E Y W O R D Sabundance, line transect, management, point distance sampling, protected areas, species distribution models, systematic

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Hansen

Nawangsari

Beest

et al. 2019

Conservat Sci and Prac

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“…Those condition was same phenomenon at several places of the javan green peafowl local distribution shown such as the observation in BNP by Hernowo (1995), in APNP by Hernowo and Wasono (2006), in Buah Dua Sumedang teak plantation by Hernowo and Hernawan (2003). The age structure of javan green peafowl population as "opposite pyramidal" is still discussable because many factors may influence to the population such mortality, natality factors and detail of classified on age structure take account which the adult productive and not productive should know or may be the age structure remain as naturaly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Population analysis of the javan green peafowl (Pavo muticus muticus Linnaeus 1758) in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Parks, East Java

et al. 2011

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Hernowo JB, Alikodra HS, Mardiastuti A, Kusmana C (2011) Population analysis of the javan green peafowl (Pavo muticus muticus Linnaeus 1758) in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Parks,. The javan green peafowl (Pavo muticus muticus) have high pressure to the population and the habitat. The distribution of the bird at Java Island is clumped randomly at several types in condition of fragmented and isolated habitat and it has small individual number every unit population. Baluran and Alas Purwo National Parks are one of distribution javan green peafowl; it was chosen for study on the population analysis. The research was aimed to gain data and information on demographic population of javan green peafowl. The individual number of the bird was counted by call count transect method and councentration count. The population demographic parameter (individual number, age structure and sex ratio) of javan green peafowl was analyzed. The result shown that individual number of the javan green peafowl at Baluran National Park (BNP) was 69.1 birds (in 2006) and 70.5 birds (in 2007) not much differ, but it compared with the observation in1995 approximately was 117.7 birds had significant different. The green peafowl population at BNP declined around 47.50% during 12 years. Meanwhile the population at Alas Purwo National Park (APNP) was 80.7 birds (in 2006) and 73.5 birds (in 2007), if compared to observation in 1998 only 43 birds and in 2006 was 80.0 birds, the population grow up 86.05% during 8 years. The age structure of population indicated that both population (BNP and APNP) tend to unbalance pyramidal, where adult birds more abundance than sub adult or juvenile. The birds sex ratio at both (APNP and BNP) indicated that the peafowl life in polygyny system 1 male: 4 female > 1 male: 2.5 female.

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“…Most displays we recorded were performed in the absence of females; however, some displays for females were included in our analyses. Long-tailed manakins exhibit several types of aggressive behaviours that are common among other species, including chases and displacements (Rohwer 1977;Woolfenden & Fitzpatrick 1977;Maynard Smith et al 1988;Heindl 2002;Rosselli et al 2002;Hernowo et al 2011;Torney et al 2011;Hawkins et al 2012). We considered a chase to have occurred when a male actively chased and followed another male away from the display perch.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Young Manakin Knows His Place: Evidence for an Age‐Graded Dominance Hierarchy Among Long‐Tailed Manakins

Lukianchuk

Doucet

2014

Ethology

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In lek‐breeding systems where many males gather at display sites, males benefit from the establishment of dominance hierarchies to reduce intrasexual aggression and the associated risk of injuries. Long‐tailed manakins (Chiroxiphia linearis) exhibit an exploded lek‐breeding system wherein the two top‐ranking males at each display site team up to perform elaborate coordinated courtship displays for females. Young males undergo delayed plumage maturation whereby they acquire distinct pre‐definitive plumage patterns each year until they attain definitive plumage in their fifth year. This unique characteristic is thought to have evolved as a status‐signalling mechanism to aid in the establishment of an age‐graded dominance hierarchy in which older males are dominant to younger males. Previous research has shown evidence for such a dominance hierarchy among alpha and beta males; however, the presence of this hierarchy among males of other age classes has never been quantified. In this study, we investigated the presence of an age‐graded dominance hierarchy by determining whether older males direct more aggressive behaviours towards younger males. We also investigated whether status signalling is less clear within age classes than between age classes, by determining whether males within the same age class exhibit more aggression towards each other. We found that older males performed aggressive behaviours towards younger males much more frequently than younger males performed aggressive behaviours towards older males. We also found that some aggressive interactions occurred between males within the same age class more frequently than between males from different age classes. Our study provides some evidence for an age‐graded dominance hierarchy among male long‐tailed manakins of all age classes and also provides some support for the status‐signalling hypothesis. However, further research is needed to conclusively establish the presence of a linear dominance hierarchy among younger male manakins. This research may help us better understand the evolution of complex hierarchical systems in animals.

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Behavior Ecology of the Javan Green Peafowl (Pavo muticus muticus Linnaeus 1758) in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Park, East Java

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Population analysis of the javan green peafowl (Pavo muticus muticus Linnaeus 1758) in Baluran and Alas Purwo National Parks, East Java

A Young Manakin Knows His Place: Evidence for an Age‐Graded Dominance Hierarchy Among Long‐Tailed Manakins

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