Behavior and neurosis: An experimental psychoanalytic approach to psychobiologic principles.

Masserman, Jules H.

doi:10.1037/10797-000

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…First, theoretical accounts of PTSD indicate that the quality of unpredictability in the aversive experience is crucial to the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms 5. These theories are based on the observation that animal exposed to unpredictable but not to predictable threats show behaviors reminiscent of PTSD in humans 7, 8. Second, empirical evidence suggests heightened reactivity to uncertainty in PTSD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Anxiety During Anticipation of Unpredictable Aversive Stimuli in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder but not in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Grillon¹,

Pine²,

Lissek³

et al. 2009

Biological Psychiatry

242

281

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background-Uncontrollability and unpredictability are key concepts related to re-experiencing, avoidance and hypervigilance symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about the differential sensitivity of PTSD individuals to unpredictable stressors, relative to either healthy individuals or individuals with other anxiety disorders. This study tested the hypothesis that elevated anxious reactivity, specifically for unpredictable aversive events, is a psychophysiological correlate of PTSD.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Anxiety During Anticipation of Unpredictable Aversive Stimuli in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder but not in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Grillon¹,

Pine²,

Lissek³

et al. 2009

Biological Psychiatry

242

281

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the presence of non-fearful conspecifics, observers exhibit a significant decrease (social buffering) of fear-motivated behavior, as seen in cats [17, 26], rats [3, 7] and pigeons [14, 15]. On the other hand, in the presence of littermates experiencing pain, observers exhibit pain hypersensitivity [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social modeling of conditioned fear in mice by non-fearful conspecifics

Guzmán

Tronson

Guedea

et al. 2009

Behavioural Brain Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Social interactions with conspecifics markedly alter the neuroendocrine, behavioral and emotional responses to stressful events. Some of these effects involve observational learning and result in lasting changes of fear-motivated behavior. While most evidence reveals increased fearfulness after observation of fearful demonstrators (models) in a number of species, a few reports from human and non-human primates indicate that observational learning can also attenuate some forms of fear. In the present study, we set out to determine the effects of social modeling and observational learning on fear conditioning in the mouse. Observers were pre-exposed to a novel context in the presence of fearful (F group) or non-fearful (NF group) demonstrators. Mice of the F group acquired control levels of conditioned fear. On the other hand, mice of the NF group exhibited profound and persistent reduction of fear. The decrease of fear in NF observers was most likely due to context-specific impairments of fear conditioning, as revealed by selective effects on long- but not short-term contextual fear memory, and normal fear conditioning in response to a novel context or cue. The effect was lasting, but constrained by the shock intensity. Attenuation of fear conditioning resulting from interactions with non-fearful conspecifics was largely, but not entirely, mediated by vicarious learning. These findings identify an important social buffering process serving to prevent a lasting induction of fear in response to isolated, moderately intense stressful events.

show abstract

“…An analysis by Mineka and Kihlstrom (1978) indicates that the procedures for creating experimental neurosis (e.g., Anderson & Liddell, 1935;Gantt, 1944;Masserman, 1943;Pavlov, 1927;Wolpe, 1952) all share a common determinant: the infringement of the outcome's predictability and controllability. Thus, when "environmental events of vital importance to the organism become unpredictable, uncontrollable, or both" (Mineka & Kihlstrom, 1978, p. 257), similar symptoms were displayed by subjects in all studies of experimental neurosis regardless of species (i.e., an adaptive behavior was lost and an atypical behavior emerged).…”

Section: Pavlov's Neurotic Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models of psychopathology: Historical models and the pavlovian contribution

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ResumenLa investigación con animales no humanos como sujetos experimentales, para entender el comportamiento humano, se basa en la noción darwiniana de la continuidad de las especies. En este marco encontramos modelos análogos para entender la biología y el comportamiento humanos en especies no humanas. En psicología, los modelos animales han probado ser una herramienta efectiva para el entendimiento del comportamiento humano, tanto normal como anormal. En la presente revisión discutimos cómo los modelos animales han sido usados al investigar la psicopatología. Luego de revisar tres modelos animales históricos de psicopatologías específicas, discutimos cómo los fenómenos descubiertos al estudiar el condicionamiento pavloviano han contribuido a nuestra comprensión de la etiología y mantención de la psicopatología humana, cómo la tradición pavloviana ha contribuido al desarrollo de mejores formas de tratamiento para desórdenes del comportamiento, y de forma más general, cómo los fenómenos pavlovianos se encuentran implicados en casi todas las interacciones entre un organismo y su ambiente.Palabras clave: Condicionamiento pavloviano, modelos animales, psicopatología experimental. AbstractResearch using non-human animals as experimental subjects to understand human behavior have been based on the Darwinian notion of continuity between species. In this framework, we find analogous models to understand human biology and behavior in nonhuman species. In the scientific study of psychology, animal models have proven to be an effective tool for understanding both normal and abnormal human behaviors.In the present review, we discuss how animal models have been used in investigating psychopathology. After reviewing three historical animal models of specific psychopathologies, we discuss how phenomena discovered while studying Pavlovian conditioning have contributed to our understanding of the etiology and maintenance of human psychopathology, how the Pavlovian tradition has contributed to the development of better ways to treat these behavioral disorders, and more generally, how Pavlovian phenomena are implicated in almost all interactions between an organism and its environment.

show abstract

Behavior and neurosis: An experimental psychoanalytic approach to psychobiologic principles.

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Increased Anxiety During Anticipation of Unpredictable Aversive Stimuli in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder but not in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Increased Anxiety During Anticipation of Unpredictable Aversive Stimuli in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder but not in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Social modeling of conditioned fear in mice by non-fearful conspecifics

Animal models of psychopathology: Historical models and the pavlovian contribution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About