Behavior- and Modality-General Representation of Confidence in Orbitofrontal Cortex

Masset, Paul; Ott, Torben; Lak, Armin; Hirokawa, Junya; Kepecs, Ádám

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.022

Cited by 80 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…It is possible that the prediction error signals prevalent in midbrain dopamine neurons may primarily drive general reward-based adaptation, whereas the value prediction error found in frontal cortical regions may facilitate model-based behavioral adaptation, as has also been suggested in our results. In addition, previous recordings directly from OFC found more diverse responses 7,43,[45][46][47][48][49][50] , presumably reflecting the cell type and hence functional diversity within OFC region 47 , calling for cell-type specific investigation, which we have performed using projection-specific imaging and manipulation in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A cortical circuit mechanism for coding and updating task structural knowledge in inference-based decision-making

Liu

Xin

2020

Preprint

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Making decisions based on knowledge about causal environmental structures is a hallmark of higher cognition in mammalian brains. Despite mounting work in psychological and cognitive sciences, how the brain implements knowledge-based decision-making at neuronal circuit level remains a terra incognita. Here we established an inference-based auditory categorization task, where mice performed within-session re-categorization of stimuli by inferring the changing task rules. Using a belief-state reinforcement learning (BS-RL) model, we quantified the hidden variable associated with task knowledge. Using simultaneous two-photon population imaging and projection-specific optogenetics, we found that a subpopulation of auditory cortex (ACx) neurons encoded the hidden task-rule variable, which depended on the feedback input from orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Chemogenetic silencing of the OFC-ACx projection specifically disrupted re-categorization performance. Finally, imaging from OFC axons within ACx revealed task state-related value signals in line with the modeled updating mechanism. Our results provide a cortical circuit mechanism underlying inference-based decision-making.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A cortical circuit mechanism for coding and updating task structural knowledge in inference-based decision-making

Liu

Xin

2020

Preprint

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“…That both groups showed OFC modulation prior to and during a lever press suggests that initial information used to guide decision-making is still represented and may be enhanced in the OFC following alcohol dependence. Another hypothesis is that the increase in activity prior to lever press release corresponds to the greater confidence in reward delivery, something previously shown for OFC activity in cued tasks (Kepecs et al, 2008;Masset et al, 2020). This hypothesized confidence representation within OFC could be driven by reward expectation that may arise through ongoing inference processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Alcohol Dependence Differentially Alters Action and Outcome Related Orbitofrontal Cortex Activity

Cazares

Schreiner

Gremel

2020

Preprint

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AbstractAlcohol dependence results in neurocognitive disorders, including long-lasting deficits in decision-making processes. Neurobiological investigations have identified the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as a key node in inference and outcome-based decision-making, and alcohol dependence alters OFC function. However, which contributing neural computations are disrupted in alcohol dependence is unclear. Here, we combined a well-validated mouse model of alcohol dependence with in vivo extracellular recordings during decision-making. Using an action differentiation task where lever press duration is inferred from an internal associative map and made with regard to outcome value, we identified disruptions to OFC-based computations. Interestingly, alcohol dependence increased OFC activity representing inference-based lever-pressing, but decreased OFC activity during outcome devaluation. This suggests alcohol dependence induces a long-lasting disruption to OFC representations of decision-making such that action representation in enhanced, but OFC contributions to evaluating consequences is diminished. This has important implications for hypotheses regarding compulsive and habitual phenotypes observed in addiction.

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“…Finally, we combined the MDV and the GEMM to produce a series of confidence tuning curves 22 to which we could compare behavioral data ( Fig. 5).…”

Section: Embedding the Gemm In Data Enables Prediction Of Choice And mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A statistical framework that formally defines confidence and its signatures 14,16,17 has established a correspondence between statistical confidence in perceptions and the subjective sense of human confidence 18 , and enabled the identification of behavioral and neural confidence markers in species including macaques 10,19 , pre-verbal infants 20 , and rats 21,22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total recall: episodic memory retrieval, choice, and memory confidence in the rat

Joo

Liang

Chung

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Episodic memory enables recollection of past experiences to guide future behavior. Humans know which memories to trust (high confidence) and which to doubt (low confidence). How memory retrieval, memory confidence, and memory-guided decisions are related, however, is not understood. Additionally, whether animals can assess confidence in episodic memories to guide behavior is unknown. We developed a spatial episodic memory task in which rats were incentivized to gamble their time: betting more following a correct choice yielded greater reward. Rat behavior reflected memory confidence, with higher temporal bets following correct choices. We applied modern machine learning to identify a memory decision variable, and built a generative model of memories evolving over time that accurately predicted both choices and confidence reports. Our results reveal in rats an ability thought to exist exclusively in primates, and introduce a unified model of memory dynamics, retrieval, choice, and confidence.

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Behavior- and Modality-General Representation of Confidence in Orbitofrontal Cortex

Cited by 80 publications

References 94 publications

A cortical circuit mechanism for coding and updating task structural knowledge in inference-based decision-making

A cortical circuit mechanism for coding and updating task structural knowledge in inference-based decision-making

Alcohol Dependence Differentially Alters Action and Outcome Related Orbitofrontal Cortex Activity

Total recall: episodic memory retrieval, choice, and memory confidence in the rat

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