Beginnings, settlement and consolidation of the production economy in the Basque region

Fernández-Eraso, Javier; Mujika-Alustiza, José Antonio; Zapata-Peña, Lydia; Iriarte-Chiapusso, María-José; Polo‐Díaz, Ana; Castaños, Pedro; Tarriño-Vinagre, Antonio; Cardoso, Sergio; Sesma-Sesma, Jesús; García-Gazólaz, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.070

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This site was used as animal‐pen and since the late XV century as a hermitage. In the same geographic area, there are five other rock‐shelters such as Los Husos I and II, Peña Larga, Peña Parda, and Balanciego and a concentration of eight dolmens of the same prehistoric ages .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The settlement patterns maintained the same behavior in the North of the Iberian Peninsula along the Early Neolithic and Bronze Age (Chalcolithic Age). One of these patterns was the use of caves and rock‐shelters as livestock‐pens . Commonly and to reduce the volume of dung accumulated in the these sites and clean them from parasites, the dung piles were burnt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of ancient lipids in prehistoric organic residues: Chemical evidence of livestock‐pens in rock‐shelters since early neolithic to bronze age

Gea

Sampedro

Vallejo

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

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The characterization of ancient lipids from prehistoric sediments (fumiers) located in a rock-selter has been possible after the optimization of an analytical method based on the microwave-assisted extraction and solid-phase extraction clean-up step and a final derivatization step followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Eight sterols and two bile acids were detected just in the partially burned and unburned layers of the fumiers (animal organic residues deriving from manure/dung). The relationship between some of these compounds can be used to distinguish the biogenic origin of the samples, concluding that these strata (from Early Neolithic to Late Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age) can be classified as ruminant residues. Three main periods of activity are observed over a period of 2000 years: one from 3990 ± 40 before present (4530-4410 calibrated before present) to 4100 ± 40 before present (4820-4750/4730-4510/4470-4450 calibrated before present), the second from 4470 ± 40 before present (5300-4970 calibrated before present) to 5490 ± 30 before present (6310-6275/6230-6220 calibrated before present) and the third from 5880 ± 30 before present (6775-6765/6750-6645 calibrated before present) to 6010 ± 30 before present (6940-6780/6765-6755 calibrated before present). Chemical data obtained are in concordance with the previous results obtained in the area.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ancient lipids in prehistoric organic residues: Chemical evidence of livestock‐pens in rock‐shelters since early neolithic to bronze age

Gea

Sampedro

Vallejo

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

Self Cite

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“…BC interval [1][2][3][4][5]. Through the river valleys they also advanced fast to inland areas such as the Upper Ebro Valley and the pre-Pyrenean territories [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Increasing fieldwork and archaeological studies show the great variability of environmental and socio-economic scenarios where early Neolithic communities of different identity and origin unfolded their farming practices in Iberia [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Neolithic caprine husbandry in the Central Pyrenees: Insights from a multi-proxy study at Els Trocs cave (Bisaurri, Spain)

et al. 2021

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Sheep remains constitute the main archaeozoological evidence for the presence of Early Neolithic human groups in the highlands of the Southern Pyrenees but understanding the role of herding activities in the Neolithisation process of this mountain ecosystem calls for the analysis of large and well-dated faunal assemblages. Cova de Els Trocs (Bisaurri, Huesca, Spain), a cave located at 1564 m a.s.l on the southern slopes of the Central Pyrenees, is an excellent case study since it was seasonally occupied throughout the Neolithic (ca. 5312–2913 cal. BC) and more than 4000 caprine remains were recovered inside. The multi-proxy analytical approach here presented has allowed us to offer new data elaborating on vertical mobility practices and herd management dynamics as has not been attempted up until now within Neolithic high-mountain sites in the Iberian Peninsula. For the first time, δ18O and δ13C stable isotope analyses offer direct evidence on both the regular practice of altitudinal movements of sheep flocks and the extended breeding season of sheep. Autumn births are recorded from the second half of the fifth millennium cal. BC onwards. Age-at-death distributions illustrate the progressive decline in caprine perinatal mortality together with the rising survival rate of individuals older than six months of age and the larger frequency of adults. This trend alongside the ‘off-season’ lambing signal at the implementation of husbandry techniques over time, probably aiming to increase the size of the flocks and their productivity. Palaeoparasitological analyses of sediment samples document also the growing reliance on herding activities of the human groups visiting the Els Trocs cave throughout the Neolithic sequence. In sum, our work provides substantial arguments to conclude that the advanced herding management skills of the Early Neolithic communities arriving in Iberia facilitated the anthropisation process of the subalpine areas of the Central Pyrenees.

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“…Some of these sites can be detected in inner areas, revealing other possible ways of Neolithic dispersal through the Pyrenees or/and terrestial ways following the main rivers. One example can be the expansions through the Ebro Valley (Fernández-Eraso, 2004;Fernández-Eraso et al, 2015;García-Martínez de Lagrán, 2015;Utrilla-Miranda, 2002). At the same time, North African influences and contacts have been identified in the Neolithisation of meridional Iberian areas (Linstädter et al, 2012;Manen et al, 2007;Morales et al, 2013).…”

Section: The Chronology Of the Dna Samples And The Interaction Phenommentioning

confidence: 99%

Solutions or illusions? An analysis of the available palaeogenetic evidence from the origins of the Neolithic in the Iberian Peninsula

Lagrán¹,

Fernández‐Domínguez²,

Rojo-Guerra³

2018

Quaternary International

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If there is something that can be defined as the "Sisyphus' rock of human sciences that would be the wide array of circumstances, interpretations and processes generated by human beings and their numberless organizations, with regard to groups, communities, collectives, languages… "Cultures". Thus, when (pre)historians have the chance to resort to hard sciences, they cling tightly to it, sometimes even with a blind trust, in the hope of finding a reference point for their intrinsically human-and therefore multidimensional and multifocalinterpretations, open to different possible solutions. In recent years the study of the past has placed its trust in dating techniques,particularly in 14C-, in statistical analyses and in genetic studies, among other such possibilities, in a way that they could be considered as the new "guide fossils" in prehistorical research. For instance, the chronology of a domestic animal or plant would be taken as an undeniable marker of the "Neolithic" period, and something similar could be said of the hypothetical presence of a Near Eastern haplogroup in a VI millennium BC European individual. However, from a (pre)historic viewpoint, things are not so clear or so "hard". The present paper focuses on the analysis of the palaeogenetic data available for the Neolithisation process and the Early Neolithic period in the Iberian Peninsula. We have considered the information from a historical and anthropological perspective in an attempt to understand and complement the interpretations derived from the geneticists themselves. Moreover, a part of the paper is devoted to explain the archaeological consequences of the types of analysis carried out and the results of such studies. The final goal would be to broaden the possible interpretations of the Neolithisation process and the Early Neolithic period in this territory. 2) PALAEOGENETIC EVIDENCE OF THE MESOLITHIC-NEOLITHIC TRANSITION IN EUROPE Understanding the jargon commonly used in genetics can be challenging for an unfamiliar audience, this being probably the main cause of misinterpretation of genetic data by non-experts. With this in mind, the main concepts used in population genetic studies have been compiled in supplementary information and explained in a simple way, starting from the very basics (Supplementary Information 1). During the last few years we have witnessed an exponential increase in the quantity (and quality) of prehistoric human paleogenetic data. Two main factors have contributed to this fact, namely the development of a new genotyping technique-the so-called Next Generation Sequencing or NGS-and a new sampling strategy targeting the densest of the bones-the petrous

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Beginnings, settlement and consolidation of the production economy in the Basque region

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of ancient lipids in prehistoric organic residues: Chemical evidence of livestock‐pens in rock‐shelters since early neolithic to bronze age

Characterization of ancient lipids in prehistoric organic residues: Chemical evidence of livestock‐pens in rock‐shelters since early neolithic to bronze age

Investigating Neolithic caprine husbandry in the Central Pyrenees: Insights from a multi-proxy study at Els Trocs cave (Bisaurri, Spain)

Solutions or illusions? An analysis of the available palaeogenetic evidence from the origins of the Neolithic in the Iberian Peninsula

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