‘Before there was danger but there was rules. And safety in those rules’: Effects of Neighbourhood Redevelopment On Criminal Structures

Urbanik, Marta‐Marika; Thompson, Sara K.; Bucerius, Sandra M.

doi:10.1093/bjc/azv128

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Without accompanying supports and services for original residents, it may actually give rise to a host of negative and unintended consequences (Urbanik et al. ). Our findings, which tap into the pulse of a community in the midst of revitalization, fully support this contention.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“They're Colonizing My Neighborhood”: (Perceptions of) Social Mix in Canada

2017

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In recent years, urban neighborhoods in many Western nations have undergone neighborhood restructuring initiatives, especially in public housing developments. Regent Park, Canada's oldest and largest public housing development, is a neighborhood currently undergoing ‘neighborhood revitalization’ based on the social mix model. One tenet of this model is the idea that original public housing residents are benefiting from interactions with middle class residents. Based on qualitative interviews and ethnographic observations with original housing residents as well as new middle‐class homeowners, we examine whether cross‐class interactions actually occur “on the ground” in Regent Park. By examining an iteration of the model that differs with respect to the direction of resident movement—that is, the revitalization of Regent Park involves more advantaged residents buying into the once low‐income neighborhood, as opposed to providing lower‐income residents with housing vouchers to move out of the community (and into more affluent neighborhoods across the city)—our study provides a unique contribution to the existing research on social mix. In particular, our research examines whether the direction of this resident movement has any distinct or demonstrable impact on: (1) the daily perceptions, attitudes, and actions of original and new residents, and (2) the nature of cross‐class interactions. Second, unlike the vast majority of studies done in Europe and the United States, which are conducted “postrevitalization,” we examine the effects of neighborhood revitalization as the process unfolds.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“They're Colonizing My Neighborhood”: (Perceptions of) Social Mix in Canada

2017

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“…Me, just personally like, I just take it-it could happen to me at any time, it could happen to anybody, right?" Marcel held a similar opinion, adding nuance based on the neighbourhood's ongoing revitalization which rendered violence less predictable and avoidable (see also Urbanik et al 2017: "At the end of the day, out here everyone thinks they're next, that's what it is. It's like, the fucking way they breaking the shit down, bodies are dropping.…”

Section: "Out Here Everyone Thinks They're Next": the Reality Of Gang Homicide In Regent Parkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Sense of Murder: The Reality versus the Realness of Gang Homicides in Two Contexts

Urbanik

Roks

2021

Social Sciences

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Despite the proliferation of research examining gang violence, little is known about how gang members experience, make sense of, and respond to peer fatalities. Drawing from two ethnographies in the Netherlands and Canada, this paper interrogates how gang members experience their affiliates’ murder in different street milieus. We describe how gang members in both studies made sense of and navigated their affiliates’ murder(s) by conducting pseudo-homicide investigations, being hypervigilant, and attributing blameworthiness to the victim. We then demonstrate that while the Netherland’s milder street culture amplifies the significance of homicide, signals the authenticity of gang life, and reaffirms or tests group commitment, frequent and normalized gun violence in Canada has desensitized gang-involved men to murder, created a communal and perpetual state of insecurity, and eroded group cohesion. Lastly, we compare the ‘realness’ of gang homicide in The Hague with the ‘reality’ of lethal violence in Toronto, drawing attention to the importance of the ‘local’ in making sense of murder and contrasting participants’ narratives of interpretation.

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“…theft, violence and vandalism) actually increased JERER 8 15,1 in neighborhoods going through gentrification (Johan Van et al, 2006). In explaining such outcomes, researchers have posited that redevelopment can disrupt social networks among residents and established "codes of conduct" among criminals that may have had a dampening effect on crime (Urbanik et al, 2017). Redevelopment of disadvantaged neighborhoods have reduced crime in the affected area, but depending on where residents relocate and how much they cluster, such activities can cause a displacement of crime rather than an overall reduction (Kleinhans and Varady, 2011).…”

Section: Neighborhood Restructuringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reframing the properties, places and crime paradigm: exploring spatiotemporal regime shifts

Delisle

Grissom²,

Never

2020

JERER

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore spatiotemporal factors that affect the empirical analysis of whether crime rates in buffer areas surrounding abandoned properties transferred to a Land Bank that differed among three regimes: before transfer, during Land Bank stewardship and after disposition and whether those differences were associated with differences in relative crime activity in the neighborhoods in which they were located. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzed crime incidents occurring between 2010 and 2018 in 0.1-mile buffer areas surrounding 31 abandoned properties sold by the Land Bank and their neighborhoods in which those properties were located. Using Copulas, researchers compared concordance/discordance in the buffer areas across the three regime states for each property and approximately matched time periods for associated neighborhoods. Findings In a substantial number of cases, the relative crime activity levels for buffer areas surrounding individual sold properties as measured by the Copulas shifted from concordant to discordant states and vice versa. Similarly, relative crime activity levels for neighborhoods shifted from concordant to discordant states across three matched regimes. In some cases, the property and neighborhood states matched, while in other cases they diverged. These cross-level interactions indicate that criminal behavioral patterns and target selection change over time and relative criminal activity. The introduction of Copulas can improve the reliability of such models over time and when and where they should be customized to add more granular insights needed by law enforcement agencies. Research limitations/implications The introduction of Copulas can improve the spatiotemporal reliability of the analysis of criminal activity over space and time. Practical implications Spatiotemporal considerations should be incorporated in setting interventions to manage criminal activity. Social implications This study provides support for policies supporting renovation of abandoned properties. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this research is the first application of Copulas to crime impact studies. As noted, Copulas can help reduce the risk of applying intervention or enforcement programs that are no longer reliable or lack the precision provided by insights into convergent/divergent patterns of criminal activity.

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‘Before there was danger but there was rules. And safety in those rules’: Effects of Neighbourhood Redevelopment On Criminal Structures

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

“They're Colonizing My Neighborhood”: (Perceptions of) Social Mix in Canada

“They're Colonizing My Neighborhood”: (Perceptions of) Social Mix in Canada

Making Sense of Murder: The Reality versus the Realness of Gang Homicides in Two Contexts

Reframing the properties, places and crime paradigm: exploring spatiotemporal regime shifts

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