Beech regeneration of seed and root sucker origin: A comparison of morphology, growth, survival, and response to defoliation

Beaudet, Marilou; Messier, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.03.010

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Third, forest disturbances (e.g., ice storms, pathogens) and especially the beech bark disease may explain the recent beech expansion. For example, beech, unlike maple, is able to reproduce vegetatively through root suckering that produces more resistant and vigorous individuals than natural seedlings [29]. The expansion of the beech bark disease has increased mature beech mortality and its susceptibility to windthrow, resulting in a high beech sapling density [30] that negatively affects maple regeneration through shading [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Light Availability Associated with American Beech Is the Main Factor for Reduced Sugar Maple Seedling Survival and Growth Rates in a Hardwood Forest of Southern Quebec

Collin

Messier

Kembel

et al. 2017

Forests

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Several recent studies have reported a marked increase in American beech dominance (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) relative to sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) in late successional forests of North America. However, many factors have been proposed to explain this sudden shift in tree species composition. We investigated the microsite factors responsible for maple regeneration failure under maple-beech stands, focusing on both light availability and soil conditions. The survival and growth of maple seedlings planted in the natural soil and in pots with enriched soil were monitored for two years, as well as foliar nutrition and herbivory damages of natural seedlings. The results indicate that low light availability associated with the presence of beech is the primary factor leading to maple regeneration failures. Soil nutrient availability and foliar nutrition of natural seedlings did not differ between forest types. Yet, the results indicate that factors such as allelopathy and preferential herbivory on maple seedlings under beech could be superimposed effects that hinder maple regeneration. Under similar forests, a control of beech sapling abundance in the understory followed by selection cutting could be one way to promote and maintain maple populations in the longer term.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Light Availability Associated with American Beech Is the Main Factor for Reduced Sugar Maple Seedling Survival and Growth Rates in a Hardwood Forest of Southern Quebec

Collin

Messier

Kembel

et al. 2017

Forests

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“…flowering dogwood, eastern redbud) were omitted from our measurements. All trees were identified to species and inspected to determine seed vs. sucker origin (following the methods in Beaudet and Messier (2008)); in the latter case, clumps of vegetatively linked individuals were recorded. Across the eight plots, we measured and mapped a total of 1622 trees.…”

Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conspecific negative density dependence in American beech

Ramage

Mangana

2017

For. Ecosyst.

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Background: One of the most important drivers of forest biodiversity is conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD), a reduction in performance when conspecific densities are high. While the majority of CNDD research has focused on tropical forests, evidence is mounting that CNDD may also play an important role in temperate forests. To further explore the potential reach of this phenomenon, we investigated CNDD in American beech (Fagus grandifolia) in a mature mid-Atlantic forest. Methods: We used bivariate point pattern analyses to examine spatial relationships between large beech trees and conspecific saplings, and we also contrasted these patterns with comparable patterns for heterospecifics. In addition, to address the possibility of dispersal limitation and the associated effects on spatial patterns, we analyzed seedling density as a function of adult conspecific abundance. Results: We found that beech saplings were more repelled from large conspecifics than large heterospecifics, despite the fact that beech seedling density was positively correlated with beech basal area. However, saplings of other canopy tree species were also repelled from adult beech trees, suggesting a general suppressive effect. Nonetheless, the discrepancy between beech seedling and sapling densities beneath adult conspecifics suggests that beech seedling survival rates were reduced in vicinity of conspecific adults. Conclusions: Regardless of the extent to which beech inhibits heterospecific trees, a negative effect on conspecific recruits may be critical for biodiversity maintenance. Without this conspecific suppression, a dense layer of shade-tolerant beech saplings could form beneath adult beech trees. If this were to occur, beech would have a substantial head-start following canopy disturbance, and this late-successional species could potentially dominate a stand in perpetuity, through repeated disturbance cycles.

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“…Moreover, numerous plant species can reproduce through both ways. Sexual and asexual recruits are both essential in forest recovery, but differ in individual survival and growth rate, dispersal distance, phenology of offspring production, and establishment (Winkler and Fischer, 2002;Beaudet and Messier et al, 2008). Germinated seeds in soil seed bank, suppressed seedlings, and sprouts from existing roots or stems may be initial recovery recruits (Hoffmann, 1998;Kammesheidt, 1998Kammesheidt, , 1999Yamada and Suzuki, 2004;Simões and Marques, 2007;KyDembele et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sexual reproduction provides greater genetic variability than asexual reproduction (Simões and Marques, 2007). Asexual sprouting may result in several individuals (clones) originating from one parent plant and occupying its niche persistence, thereby improving individual survival and resistance (Miller and Kauffman, 1998;Bond and Midgley, 2001;Beaudet and Messier et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asexual reproduction in Chinese cork oak primarily involves sprouts arising from the stem base, stump, and root, similar to Quercus nigra L., Quercus pagoda Raf., Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr., Acacia dudgeoni Craib ex Holland, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., and Quercus liaotungensis Koidz (Gardiner and Helmig, 1997;Lockhart and Chambers, 2007;Ky-Dembele et al, 2007;Beaudet and Messier et al, 2008;Rong et al, 2013). To develop a management plan for Chinese cork oak forest recovery, understanding which reproduction is predominant in different forest recovery stages is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relative importance of various regeneration mechanisms in different restoration stages of Quercus variabilis forest after selective logging

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2014

For. syst.

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Aim of study: Quercus variabilis (Chinese cork oak) reproduces asexually and sexually. This study aimed to determine the status and growth of asexual and sexual recruits of Q. variabilis in different forest recovery stages.Area of study: Three selective logged stands and one unlogged stand in Q. variabilis forest, Shaanxi Province, China. Material and methods:Origin, number, basal diameter, height and size structure of Q. variabilis shoots (height ≤200 cm) were investigated in the plots of 5, 10, and 20-years post-logging stands and unlogged stand. Effects of recovery stage on the density and growth of the three original recruits (stump sprouts, stem base sprouts and true seedlings) were analysis by One-way ANOVA.Main results: Sprouts dominated logged stands, whereas true seedlings dominated unlogged stand, stem base sprouts only existed in 20-years post-logging and unlogged stands. Stump sprout density and sprout number per stump both declined with extended post-logging time. True seedlings density increased from 7 to 20 shoots/100 m 2 as the postlogging time extended, and peaked in unlogged stand (94 shoots/100 m 2 ). An ongoing size structure was observed in true seedlings in all stands. Stump sprouts were taller and greater than true seedlings.Research highlights: Stump sprouts contributed more to Q. variabilis forest recovery in the early stage after disturbance. The contribution of true seedlings was limited in the same stage, but they were beneficial for population long-term development. Stem base sprouts were most likely to be a survival strategy rather than a reproductive strategy.

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Beech regeneration of seed and root sucker origin: A comparison of morphology, growth, survival, and response to defoliation

Cited by 37 publications

References 48 publications

Low Light Availability Associated with American Beech Is the Main Factor for Reduced Sugar Maple Seedling Survival and Growth Rates in a Hardwood Forest of Southern Quebec

Low Light Availability Associated with American Beech Is the Main Factor for Reduced Sugar Maple Seedling Survival and Growth Rates in a Hardwood Forest of Southern Quebec

Conspecific negative density dependence in American beech

Relative importance of various regeneration mechanisms in different restoration stages of Quercus variabilis forest after selective logging

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