Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Diversity and Sampling Methodology in a Midwestern USA Deciduous Forest

McCravy, Kenneth W.; Ruholl, Jared D.

doi:10.3390/insects8030081

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Despite these temporal differences, the recent collection was able to record more species. This could be due to an inadequate sampling method for covering a significant portion of bee biodiversity (McCravy & Ruholl, 2017), given that the survey published in 1982 mostly considered insects visiting flowering plants and had in their collection protocol a brief 10 min observation period at morning, midday and afternoon. The recent sampling may be more representative for this area because it considered a longer active collection with passive pan trapping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native bees of high Andes of Central Chile (Hymenoptera: Apoidea): biodiversity, phenology and the description of a new species ofXeromelissaCockerell (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

Henríquez-Piskulich

Villagra

Vera

2020

PeerJ

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High-altitude ecosystems are found in mountain chains and plateaus worldwide. These areas tend to be underrepresented in insect biodiversity assessments because of the challenges related to systematic survey at these elevations, such as extreme climatic and geographic conditions. Nonetheless, high-altitude ecosystems are of paramount importance because they have been seen to be species pumps for other geographic areas, such as adjacent locations, functioning as buffers for population declines. Moreover, these ecosystems and their biodiversity have been proposed to be fast-responding indicators of the impacts caused by global climate change. Bees have been highlighted among the insect groups that have been affected by these problems. This work used bees as a proxy to demonstrate and reinforce the importance of systematic surveys of high-altitude ecosystems. Here, field collections were undertaken and an updated review was conducted for the native bee biodiversity of the high-altitude ecosystem found at the Andes system of central Chile, including the phenological trends of these insects during the flowering season. Of the 58 species that have been described for this location, we were able to confirm the occurrence of 46 of these species as a result of our sampling. In addition, thanks to these recent collections, a new species of Xeromelissa Cockerell is described in the present work. These findings highlight the need for further high-altitude insect surveys of this biome, which include both temporal and spatial complexity in their design, to allow for accurate assessment of bee species diversity and compositional changes in these mountain regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native bees of high Andes of Central Chile (Hymenoptera: Apoidea): biodiversity, phenology and the description of a new species ofXeromelissaCockerell (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

Henríquez-Piskulich

Villagra

Vera

2020

PeerJ

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“…1957) [ 80 ]. Conversely, the blue flowers, absent in our study, would be more conducive to attracting bees [ 81 ]. Floral colours could explain the greater presence of hoverflies, especially on buckwheat and coriander.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flower Strips in Wheat Intercropping System: Effect on Pollinator Abundance and Diversity in Belgium

Amy

Noël

Hatt

et al. 2018

Insects

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The decline of pollinators in agricultural areas has been observed for some decades, this being partly due to landscape simplification in intensive agrosystems. Diversifying agricultural landscapes by sowing flower strips within fields could reduce these adverse effects on biodiversity. In this context, the study presented here aimed at assessing and comparing the abundance and diversity of bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) and hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) found and visiting flowers in three types of flower strips in Belgium: (i) a mixture of 11 wild flowers, (ii) a monofloral strip of Dimorphoteca pluvialis (Asteraceae) and (iii) a monofloral strip of Camelina sativa (Brassicaceae), where the last two are considered to be intercrops since they are valuable on the market, all sown within a field of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pollinators were captured with pan traps and by netting in standardised transects from May to July 2017. One-thousand one-hundred and eighty-four individuals belonging to 43 bee species and 18 hoverfly species were collected. Significant differences in hoverfly diversity were found between the different flower strips. The multifloral treatment supported a greater diversity of syrphid species. Various pollinator species visited the different flowers composing the mixture and also D. pluvialis. The pollinator community proved to be predominantly generalist, with the exception of an oligolectic species in Belgium, Andrena nitidiuscula. Moreover, the three tested flower strips were effective in attracting hoverflies, among them natural enemies of insect pests. This study opens new perspectives in the design of intercropping systems with flower strips towards the design of sustainable agro-ecosystems. Improving economic profitability of sowing flower strips could encourage farmers to diversify their agricultural systems and foster conservation biology strategies.

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“…The large pan traps were placed on the ground. The smaller pan traps were mounted 20 cm above the ground on bamboo stakes, as elevating pan traps has been reported to increase capture success (Tuell and Isaacs , McCravy and Ruholl ). Pan traps were placed randomly around the site away from vegetation in open, sunny areas, and spaced 5 m apart as this has been found to maximize capture success (Carboni and LeBuhn ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative performance of sampling methods for native bees: an empirical test and review of the literature

et al. 2020

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Many bee species are declining globally, but to detect trends and monitor bee assemblages, robust sampling methods are required. Numerous sampling methods are used, but a critical review of their relative effectiveness is lacking. Moreover, evidence suggests the relative effectiveness of sampling methods depends on habitat, yet efficacy in urban areas has yet to be evaluated. This study compared the bee community documented using observational records, targeted netting, mobile gardens, pan traps (blue and yellow), vane traps (blue and yellow), and trap‐nests. The comparative surveys of native bees and honeybees were undertaken in an urbanized region of the southwest Australian biodiversity hot spot. The outcomes of the study were then compared to a synthesis based on a comprehensive literature review of studies where two or more bee sampling methods were conducted. Observational records far exceeded all other methods in terms of abundance of bees recorded, but were unable to distinguish finer taxonomic levels. Of methods that captured individuals, thereby permitting taxonomic identification, targeted sweep netting vastly outperformed the passive sampling methods, yielding a total of 1324 individuals, representing 131 taxonomic units—even when deployed over a shorter duration. The relative effectiveness of each method differed according to taxon. From the analysis of the literature, there was high variability in relative effectiveness of methods, but targeted sweep netting and blue vane traps tended to be most effective, in accordance with results from this study. However, results from the present study differed from most previous studies in the extremely low catch rates in pan traps. Species using trap‐nests represented only a subset of all potential cavity‐nesters, and their relative abundances in the trap‐nests differed from those in the field. Mobile gardens were relatively ineffective at attracting bees. For urbanized habitat within this biodiversity hot spot, targeted sweep netting is indispensable for obtaining a comprehensive indication of native bee assemblages; passive sampling methods alone recorded only a small fraction of the native bee community. Overall, a combination of methods should be used for sampling bee communities, as each has their own biases, and certain taxa were well represented in some methods, but poorly represented in others.

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Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Diversity and Sampling Methodology in a Midwestern USA Deciduous Forest

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Native bees of high Andes of Central Chile (Hymenoptera: Apoidea): biodiversity, phenology and the description of a new species ofXeromelissaCockerell (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

Native bees of high Andes of Central Chile (Hymenoptera: Apoidea): biodiversity, phenology and the description of a new species ofXeromelissaCockerell (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Xeromelissinae)

Flower Strips in Wheat Intercropping System: Effect on Pollinator Abundance and Diversity in Belgium

The relative performance of sampling methods for native bees: an empirical test and review of the literature

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