Bee farming system sustainability: An assessment framework in metropolitan France

Organic Beekeeping Practices in Romania: Status and Perspectives towards a Sustainable Development

“…Rahimi et al [17] drew the attention on the importance of using certain conceptual assessing models in the case of sustainability for the apiculture sector. This feature is backed by Kouchner et al [18,19] as well, underlining the lack of tools necessary for assessing sustainability in this area and suggesting an assessment system dedicated exclusively to honeybee farming. This system was comprised of six dimensions as follows: "quality of life", "economic viability", "ability to ensure production", "beekeeping sector and society issues", "environmental impacts", and "local development and integration" [18,19].…”

“…This feature is backed by Kouchner et al [18,19] as well, underlining the lack of tools necessary for assessing sustainability in this area and suggesting an assessment system dedicated exclusively to honeybee farming. This system was comprised of six dimensions as follows: "quality of life", "economic viability", "ability to ensure production", "beekeeping sector and society issues", "environmental impacts", and "local development and integration" [18,19]. Rahimi et al [17] came up with a model of sustainability assessment based on criteria such as: beekeeping productivity, monetary value of the production obtained, product quality and development of added value, marketing of honeybee products, beekeepers' attitude towards environment, stakeholders' socio-cultural level of development in apiculture, quality of the extension and education services addressing beekeepers, employment of new technologies.…”

“…The analysis of the quality of beekeeping practices, and, also, of the quality of the honey bee products obtained brings up an issue of great importance for the sustainability of the beekeeping businesses [11,19]. The concept of "quality" of the apicultural products, in terms of awareness and implementation, was developed with the assistance of training and extension activities addressing producers and processors from the beekeeping sector.…”

Learning for Sustainability in Horticultural Production in Arctic Norway

“…This adheres to Darnhofer et al (2010) who emphasize experimenting with outcome monitoring as an important source of farmers' learning. The main source of farmers' learning seems to be learning from other farmers, where concepts such as peer-learning, peer-exchange, and farmer-tofarmer learning are used (Leeuwis and Van den Ban, 2008;Cooreman et al, 2018;Kouchner et al, 2019). Lankester (2013) and Restrepo et al (2018) highlight both active participation and observation, as well as discussions and sharing experiences and results with other farmers.…”

“…In this regard, farmers consider successful colleagues as experts (Šumane et al, 2018). Farmers also use external sources or institutions in learning, such as information networks, extension services, public administration agencies, and regulatory institutions (Šumane et al, 2018;Kouchner et al, 2019). Agricultural research institutions are also important, particularly if the farm utilizes more advanced technologies (Šumane et al, 2018).…”