Sonography is sensitive in detecting abdominal and pelvic fluid and it has been used to guide percutaneous needle a~p i r a t i o n~'~ and percutaneous catheter drainage of abscesses.6 - 8 We describe an unusual case where sonography was used to guide manual lysis of pelvic abscess loculations following radical cystectomy.
CASE REPORTA 47-year-old woman with a remote history of total abdominal hysterectomy and radiation therapy for carcinoma of the cervix was admitted with weight loss, anorexia, and progressive suprapubic and right flank pain. Intravenous pyelography demonstrated a large filling defect in the right side of the bladder and nonfunction of the right kidney. Computed tomography showed a large mass involving the right lateral and posterior walls of the bladder with extension into the perivesical tissue and obstruction of the right ureter. Cystoscopy and transurethral biopsy revealed grade four transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with muscle invasion, and the patient underwent radical cystectomy and right nephroureterectomy with anterior vaginectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion. In the postoperative period, she was intermittently febrile, and sonography demonstrated a suprapubic fluid collection. On the fourteenth postoperative day, purulent pelvic fluid spontaneously drained vaginally via the dehisced anterior vaginectomy wound. Six days later, repeat sonography showed a large septated suprapubic pelvic fluid collection (Fig. 1
350tomography confirmed the presence of a large gas-containing pelvic fluid collection (Fig. 2) which was felt to represent an abscess. Sonographically guided percutaneous thin needle aspiration yielded small amounts of pus. Repeat manual pelvic exam by the surgeon with unguided attempt at lysis of the abscess loculations was again unsuccessful. Pelvic examination was then performed while the abscess fluid and septations were imaged with real-time ultrasound from a suprapubic approach. The pelvis was manually explored via the vaginectomy defect until the septations were seen moving by realtime sonography. Vigorous digital lysis of adhesions yielded copious amounts of pus per vagina. The procedure was repeated twice, each time using real-time sonography to localize residual pelvic fluid and confirm correct hand placement for manual lysis of adhesions. A Foley catheter was placed in the abscess cavity via the vaginectomy wound to promote further drainage.