Bedeutung geogener und pedogener Faktoren f�r die weitere Belastung der B�den mit Schwermetallen

Trace Metal Dynamics in Floodplain Soils of the River Elbe: A Review

“…Hence, metal ions show different adsorption affinities to oxides: Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd > Co > Mn > Sr > Ca (Trivedi and Axe, 2000) and among the oxides various bonding preferences exist in reference to trace metals: manganese‐oxides mainly adsorb copper, nickel, cobalt and lead, and iron‐ and aluminum‐oxides mainly lead and copper (Adriano, 2001). Manganese oxides have higher binding capacities than iron oxides (Kuntze and Herms, 1986), but since iron‐oxides are quantitatively dominant in soils, these play the most important role in binding trace metals (Harres, 1998) whereas Kabata‐Pendias (2001) consider both iron and manganese‐oxides to be among the most important pedogenic oxides in binding trace metals. In soils, iron occurs in different associations, which show different affinities in binding trace metals: ferrihydrit > goethite > hämatit (Kuntze and Herms, 1986).…”

“…Manganese oxides have higher binding capacities than iron oxides (Kuntze and Herms, 1986), but since iron‐oxides are quantitatively dominant in soils, these play the most important role in binding trace metals (Harres, 1998) whereas Kabata‐Pendias (2001) consider both iron and manganese‐oxides to be among the most important pedogenic oxides in binding trace metals. In soils, iron occurs in different associations, which show different affinities in binding trace metals: ferrihydrit > goethite > hämatit (Kuntze and Herms, 1986). The mineralogy of manganese is much more complex; large amounts of oxides and hydrous oxides in which substitutes of Mn 2+ , Mn 3+ , and Mn 4+ occur are widespread (Fittschen and Groengroeft, 2000).…”

“…The mineralogy of manganese is much more complex; large amounts of oxides and hydrous oxides in which substitutes of Mn 2+ , Mn 3+ , and Mn 4+ occur are widespread (Fittschen and Groengroeft, 2000). In hydromorphic soils in particular, amorphous ferrihydrit dominates the soils (Kuntze and Herms, 1986). This is proven by Fittschen and Groengroeft (2000) for investigated soils along the Middle Elbe.…”

“…Even if clay minerals have only a low influence on metal retention in comparison to iron and manganese oxides as well as to organic substances, they have a significant importance because of their large quantity in soils (Kuntze and Herms, 1986; Blume and Bruemmer, 1991; Kabata‐Pendias, 2001). More important than the content however is the type of clay minerals that occur in soils (Kuntze and Herms, 1986; Rieuwerts et al, 1998). According to Kuntze et al (1984) the exchange capacity of clay minerals increases as follows: kaolinite < chlorite < illite < montmorrillonite < vermiculite.…”

“…According to Kuntze et al (1984) the exchange capacity of clay minerals increases as follows: kaolinite < chlorite < illite < montmorrillonite < vermiculite. Additionally the sorption capability of clay substances is considerably dependent on the pH value; but even in highly acidic pH ranges high clay contents lead to declined metal solubility (Kuntze and Herms, 1986). Furthermore, soils with higher clay contents have higher values for cation exchange capacities, which made more unspecific adsorption space available under acidic conditions in soils that lead to higher adsorption rates and therefore to reduced solubility of trace metals in soils (Herms and Bruemmer, 1984).…”