2017
DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702363
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Bedeutung der inhärenten Substratreaktivität bei enzymvermittelten Cyclisierungen/Umlagerungen von Carbokationen

Abstract: zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet Carbokationen ·Enzyme ·Inhärente Reaktivität· Intrinsische Reaktivität·T erpene 1. Erstaunliche Enzyme, reaktive Substrate, einfache mechanistische Modelle Die Fähigkeit von Enzymen, chemische Umwandlungen zu vermitteln, die ohne sie nicht ablaufen würden, ist erstaunlich. Worauf diese Fähigkeit beruht, ist jedoch bei Weitem noch nicht geklärt. Den Enzymen wurden schon viele Funktionen zugeschrieben, angefangen von der selektiven Stabilisierung von Übergangszustandsstrukturen durch … Show more

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Cited by 35 publications
(17 citation statements)
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References 76 publications
(30 reference statements)
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“…[1] The type Io ft hese astonishing enzymes ionises the substrate by PP abstraction and provides ah ydrophobic cavity in which acationic cascade that is prompted by the inherent substrate reactivity results in as tructurally complex, often polycyclic carbon skeleton with multiple stereocentres being formed in just one enzymatic step. [2] Thep roducts of the first characterised bacterial type ITSs were mono-and sesquiterpenes, [3] while recent research has resulted in the identification of structurally and biosynthetically more interesting diterpenes. [4] Herein, we describe two diterpene synthases (DTSs) from the soil actinomycete Allokutzneria albata, which led to the identification of two compounds with novel skeletons,a sw ell as phomopsene,aditerpene previously reported from the fungus Phomopsis amygdali.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1] The type Io ft hese astonishing enzymes ionises the substrate by PP abstraction and provides ah ydrophobic cavity in which acationic cascade that is prompted by the inherent substrate reactivity results in as tructurally complex, often polycyclic carbon skeleton with multiple stereocentres being formed in just one enzymatic step. [2] Thep roducts of the first characterised bacterial type ITSs were mono-and sesquiterpenes, [3] while recent research has resulted in the identification of structurally and biosynthetically more interesting diterpenes. [4] Herein, we describe two diterpene synthases (DTSs) from the soil actinomycete Allokutzneria albata, which led to the identification of two compounds with novel skeletons,a sw ell as phomopsene,aditerpene previously reported from the fungus Phomopsis amygdali.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1] These enzymes act on the substrate through diphosphate abstraction and provide as pecific architecture of the active site for cation stabilisation, conformational discrimination, and selective termination of the reaction cascade. [2] The reaction mechanisms feature all kinds of cation chemistry, such as hydride migrations,p roton shifts,a nd Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements,t oy ield structurally complex products in only one enzymatic step.S ince at ime-resolved experimental investigation of these cascades within the enzyme is not possible,s tructural studies, [1b] site-directed mutagenesis, [3] quantum chemical calculations, [4] and isotopic labelling studies [5] have led to ad eeper understanding of the synthetic capabilities of TSs.I np articular,l abelling experiments in combination with in vitro techniques and modern NMR spectroscopy have proved to be an indispensable tool for experimentally testing proposed TS mechanisms. Although the incorporation of isotopes usually results in clearly substituted product atoms that can be explained through one straightforwardly operating linear cascade,inthe present study we addressed ac hallenging bacterial TS that deviates from this rule.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1] Dennoch sind Konzepte,d ie SelektivitätinReaktionen mit Carbokationen auch im Labor erlauben, nach einem Jahrhundert der Forschung kaum etabliert. [1] Dennoch sind Konzepte,d ie SelektivitätinReaktionen mit Carbokationen auch im Labor erlauben, nach einem Jahrhundert der Forschung kaum etabliert.…”
unclassified
“…Carbokationen sind reaktive Intermediate vieler Reaktionen der synthetischen Chemie.B esonders eindrucksvoll werden sie von Enzymen wie Te rpen-Synthasen genutzt, um selektiv komplexe Kohlenstoffgerüste aus einfachen azyklischen Vorläufern aufzubauen. [1] Dennoch sind Konzepte,d ie SelektivitätinReaktionen mit Carbokationen auch im Labor erlauben, nach einem Jahrhundert der Forschung kaum etabliert. Dies lässt sich folgendermaßen erklären:E ine konformative Fixierung,wie sie von Enzymen zur Erzeugung von Selektivitätg enutzt wird, ist im Labor nur schwer zu realisieren.…”
unclassified