Bed Bug Detection: Current Technologies and Future Directions

Vaidyanathan, Rajeev; Feldlaufer, Mark F.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.12-0493

Cited by 46 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Describing the intensity of an infestation is largely subjective; currently, there are no industry methods of estimating bed bug population density in infested dwellings or determining whether an infestation is light, medium, or heavy (Vaidyanathan and Feldlaufer 2013). Sampling methods that discriminately target either adults or nymphs may lead to inaccurate estimates of the population structure and size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Survival and Fecundity of Two Strains ofCimex lectularius(Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

Barbarin¹,

Barbu²,

Gebhardtsbauer³

et al. 2014

J Med Entomol

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Knowledge of development of the bed bug Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) under specific environmental conditions could lead to improved management techniques. Developmental rates, age-, and stage-specific life tables were compared for a laboratory strain and a field strain of bed bugs reared on human blood. Both strains were then crossed reciprocally to produce four F1 generations and subsequent age- and stage-specific life tables were constructed. No significant differences were found in the overall survival of the parental strains, but significant differences were found in development rate within various instars based on strain. Parallel results were derived from the F1 generation hybrids. Stable age distribution calculations predict that 80% of bedbugs within exponentially growing populations will be immature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Survival and Fecundity of Two Strains ofCimex lectularius(Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

Barbarin¹,

Barbu²,

Gebhardtsbauer³

et al. 2014

J Med Entomol

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show abstract

“…In contrast, eliminating established infestations with hundreds of live bed bugs may require a combined use of non‐chemical and chemical interventions, which can be costly . Several methods used for bed bug detection have been reviewed by Vidyanathan and Feldlaufer . The broad categories of monitoring techniques used for bed bugs include: (i) active monitors; (ii) passive monitors; (iii) visual inspections; (iv) trained canines.…”

Section: Managing the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a huge reservoir of bed bugs in low‐income, multifamily housing . Those individuals who cannot receive bed bug treatment (including preventive measures) will continue to serve as a source of reinfestation for others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using research and education to implement practical bed bug control programs in multifamily housing

Bennett

Gondhalekar

Wang

et al. 2015

Pest Management Science

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Multifamily housing facilities serving low-income populations have been at the forefront of bed bug outbreaks. Research conducted in the past 8 years has consistently proven that integrated pest management (IPM) is the best approach for successful suppression of bed bug infestations. Bed bug IPM in multifamily settings is especially dependent upon a collaborative community or building-wide effort involving residents, building staff and pest control technicians. Other components of a bed bug IPM program include regular monitoring to detect early-stage bed bug infestations and combined use of non-chemical and chemical interventions. Lastly, to reduce reinfestation rates and costs associated with bed bug control, it is critical to continue periodic monitoring and implement preventive control measures even after successful elimination of bed bugs has been achieved.

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“…Examples of such active monitors include CDC3000 (Cimex Science LLC, Portland, OR), Bed Bug Beacon (Nuvenco, Fort Collins, CO), Night-Watch (Biosensory Inc., Putnam, CT), First Response Bed Bug Monitor (SpringStar Inc., Woodinville, WA), and FMC VeriÞ (FMC Corporation, Philadelphia, PA) (Vaidyanathan and Feldlaufer 2013). Among these, only CDC3000, NightWatch, and VeriÞ have been found to be effective in detecting bed bugs C.W.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sophisticated and expensive nature of these technologies makes them impractical for widespread use. Moreover, their efÞcacy still needs to be measured under Þeld conditions (Vaidyanathan and Feldlaufer 2013). Climbup insect interceptor (Susan McKnight Inc., Memphis, TN), referred to hereafter as "interceptor trap," as a passive bed bug monitor is highly effective and has been used extensively for bed bug monitoring (Wang et al 2010.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Trap Design, Chemical Lure, Carbon Dioxide Release Rate, and Source of Carbon Dioxide on Efficacy of Bed Bug Monitors

2013

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Bed bugs, (Cimex lectularius L.), are difficult to find because of their nocturnal and secretive behavior. In recent years, a number of monitors containing carbon dioxide (CO2), chemical lures, heat, or both, to attract bed bugs have been developed for detecting bed bugs. Ineffective trap design, lack of attraction of chemical lures, high cost of the CO2 delivery system, or insufficient CO release rates are some factors that limited the wide adoption of these monitors. To develop an affordable and effective monitor, we conducted a series of laboratory and field tests. Specifically, we tested a new pitfall trap design, a chemical lure mixture, different CO2 release rates, and a sugar and yeast mixture as CO2 source. Results show the new pitfall trap design was significantly more effective than Climbup insect interceptor, the most effective passive monitor available in the market for bed bugs. The experimental chemical lure mixture increased Climbup insect interceptor catch by 2.2 times. Results exhibit a distinct positive relationship between the CO2 release rates and bed bug trap catches. There were no significant differences between CO2 derived from cylinders and CO2 generated from sugar and yeast mixture in their attractiveness to bed bugs. The findings suggest an effective and affordable monitor can be made incorporating the new pitfall trap design, a sugar and yeast mixture, and a chemical lure.

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Bed Bug Detection: Current Technologies and Future Directions

Cited by 46 publications

References 72 publications

Survival and Fecundity of Two Strains ofCimex lectularius(Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

Survival and Fecundity of Two Strains ofCimex lectularius(Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

Using research and education to implement practical bed bug control programs in multifamily housing

Effect of Trap Design, Chemical Lure, Carbon Dioxide Release Rate, and Source of Carbon Dioxide on Efficacy of Bed Bug Monitors

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