Becoming a parent: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of changes in BMI, diet, and physical activity

Corder, Kirsten; Winpenny, Eleanor; Foubister, Campbell; Guagliano, Justin M.; Hartwig, Xenia M; Love, Rebecca; Astbury, Chloe Clifford; Sluijs, Esther M. F. van

doi:10.1111/obr.12959

Cited by 74 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Our results are mostly in line with previous reviews indicating that events and transitions during young adulthood are oftentimes accompanied by declines in PA [18][19][20][23][24][25][26] and that retirement may offer a window of opportunity [105] for positive changes in PA despite declines in occupational PA and active commuting [19,27]. Moreover, our results indicate a decreasing trend in PA for the transition from primary to secondary school.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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The impact of life events and transitions on physical activity: A scoping review

et al. 2020

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Background Physical activity (PA) is a fluctuating behavior and prone to change across the life course. Changes in PA may be particularly due to the experience of life events and transitions. For well-timed and successful PA interventions, it is important to understand when and why individuals take up or terminate PA. Objectives This scoping review aims to examine the extent, range, and nature of research on the impact of life events and transitions on PA and to summarize key findings. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Articles were included if they had been published in peer-reviewed journals between 1998 and 2020 and assessed the impact of at least one life event or transition on PA. Results 107 studies that assessed 72 distinct life events and transitions were included and summarized in ten categories. Events and transitions that are primarily associated with decreases in PA were starting cohabitation, getting married, pregnancy, evolving parenthood, and the transitions from kindergarten to primary school, from primary to secondary school, and from high school to college or into the labor market. Retirement was associated with increases in PA; yet, long-term trajectories across retirement indicated a subsequent drop in activity levels. Divorce was associated with no changes in PA. No trends could be identified for changing work conditions, quitting or losing a job, starting a new relationship, widowhood, moving, and diagnosis of illness. Conclusion Life events and transitions can be conceptualized as natural interventions that occur across the life course and that are oftentimes associated with changes in PA behavior. Our study

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These previous reviews have suggested that the transition from primary to secondary school is associated with decreasing levels of total PA [22]. Moreover, leaving high school [23] and evolving parenthood [24][25][26] are linked to declines in PA, while retirement is linked to increases especially in leisure-time PA and exercise [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of life events and transitions on physical activity: A scoping review

et al. 2020

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“…Approximately one-third of adults in the UK are insufficiently physically active, falling short of achieving the national recommendation of at least 150 min of moderate-or 75 min of vigorous-intensity physical activity weekly [2,3]. Adults with school-aged children are particularly at risk for physical inactivity [4,5], and a recent review showed that young adults exhibited greater declines in physical activity over the transition to parenthood compared to those without dependent children [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A whole family-based physical activity promotion intervention: findings from the families reporting every step to health (FRESH) pilot randomised controlled trial

Guagliano

Armitage

Brown

et al. 2020

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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Introduction This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of FRESH (Families Reporting Every Step to Health), a theory-based child-led family physical activity (PA) intervention delivered online. We also assessed the preliminary effectiveness of the intervention on outcomes of interest and whether pre-specified criteria were met to progress to a full-scale definitive trial. Methods In a three-armed randomised pilot trial, 41 families (with a 7–11-year-old index child) were allocated to a: ‘family’ (FAM), ‘pedometer-only’ (PED), or a no-treatment control (CON) arm. The FAM arm received access to the FRESH website, allowing participants to select step challenges to ‘travel’ to target cities around the world, log their steps, and track progress as families virtually globetrot. FAM and PED arms also received family sets of pedometers. All family members could participate in the evaluation. Physical (e.g., fitness, blood pressure), psychosocial (e.g., social support), behavioural (e.g., objectively-measured PA), and economic (e.g., expenditure for PA) data were collected at baseline, 8- and 52-weeks. Results At 8- and 52-weeks, 98 and 88% of families were retained, respectively. Most children liked participating in the study (> 90%) and thought it was fun (> 80%). Compared to the PED (45%) and CON (39%) arms, a higher percentage of children in the FAM (81%) arm reported doing more activities with their family. Adults agreed that FRESH encouraged their family do more PA and made their family more aware of the amount of PA they do. No notable between-group differences were found for childrens’ minutes in moderate-to-vigorous PA. Sizeable changes of 9.4 (95%CI: 0.4, 18.4) and 15.3 (95%CI: 6.0, 24.5) minutes in moderate-to-vigorous PA was found for adults in the FAM group compared to those in the PED or CON groups, respectively. No other notable differences were found. Conclusion This study demonstrates feasibility and acceptability of the FRESH intervention. All progression criteria were at least partially satisfied. However, we failed to recruit the target sample size and did not find a signal of effectiveness on PA particularly long-term or in children. Further refinements are required to progress to a full-scale trial. Trial registration This study was prospectively registered (ISRCTN12789422) on 16/03/2016.

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“…Some of these transitions have previously been found to be associated with changes in adiposity and physical activity. For example, transitions from high school to college, and the transition to becoming a parent have been found to be associated with increases in body weight, and leaving high school is associated with decreases in physical activity [20,21]. However, there is little evidence of these transitions leading to changes in eating behaviours or dietary intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of early adulthood life transitions with changes in fast food intake: a latent trajectory analysis

Winpenny

Winkler

Štochl

et al. 2020

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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Background Early adulthood is a period of rapid personal development when individuals experience major life transitions (e.g. leaving the parental home, leaving education, beginning employment, cohabitation and parenthood). Changes in social and physical environments associated with these transitions may influence development of health-related behaviours. Consumption of fast food is one behaviour associated with poor diet and long-term health outcomes. In this study we assess how frequency of fast food consumption changes across early adulthood, and how major life transitions are associated with changes in fast food intake. Methods Data were collected across four waves of the Project EAT study, from mean age 14.9 (SD = 1.6) to mean age 31.1 (SD = 1.6) years. Participants reporting data at two or more waves were included (n = 2902). Participants reported past week frequency of eating food from a fast food restaurant and responded to questions on living arrangements, education and employment participation, and having children. To assess changes in fast food we developed a latent growth model incorporating an underlying trajectory of fast food intake, five life transitions, and time-invariant covariates. Results Mean fast food intake followed an underlying quadratic trajectory, increasing through adolescence to a maximum of 1.88 (SE 0.94) times/week and then decreasing again through early adulthood to 0.76 (SE 2.06) times/week at wave 4. Beginning full-time employment and becoming a parent both contributed to increases in fast food intake, each resulting in an average increase in weekly fast food intake of 0.16 (p < 0.01) times/week. Analysis of changes between pairs of waves revealed stronger associations for these two transitions between waves 1–2 (mean age 14.9–19.4 years) than seen in later waves. Leaving the parental home and beginning cohabitation were associated with decreases in fast food intake of − 0.17 (p = 0.004) and − 0.16 (p = 0.007) times/week respectively, while leaving full-time education was not associated with any change. Conclusions The transitions of beginning full-time employment and becoming a parent were associated with increases in fast food intake. Public health policy or interventions designed to reduce fast food intake in young adults may benefit from particular focus on populations experiencing these transitions, to ameliorate their impact.

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Becoming a parent: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of changes in BMI, diet, and physical activity

Cited by 74 publications

References 68 publications

The impact of life events and transitions on physical activity: A scoping review

The impact of life events and transitions on physical activity: A scoping review

A whole family-based physical activity promotion intervention: findings from the families reporting every step to health (FRESH) pilot randomised controlled trial

Associations of early adulthood life transitions with changes in fast food intake: a latent trajectory analysis

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