Beamspace MIMO for Millimeter-Wave Communications: System Architecture, Modeling, Analysis, and Measurements

5G Position and Orientation Estimation through Millimeter Wave MIMO

“…APPENDIX A ELEMENTS IN (8) In what follows, we provide the proofs for the elements of the FIM presented in (10) to (15). Replacing y(t) from (3) in (7), using (9), and considering E y [n Q (t)] = 0, we obtain…”

“…Replacing the derivatives and using the Parseval's identity leads to (15). The term Φ(θ Rx , h) can be obtained similarly by taking the first derivative with respect to θ Rx using the same procedure as (33), and the second derivative with respect to real and imaginary parts of channel coefficient h and applying the Parseval's identity as…”

Channel Models and Beamforming at Millimeter-Wave Frequency Bands

“…When analyzing the multipath effects on beamforming performance, it is necessary to be aware of the interplay between the antennas and radio propagation since it determines the degree of channel capacity improvement through gain focusing and spatial eigenmode transmission [169], [170]. Hybrid analog-digital beamforming is considered as an attractive solution when it comes to tradeoff between hardware complexity and channel capacity [16], [171]- [174], for which the interplay gives a number of design criteria of the beamforming. This section addresses these design and performance evaluation aspects of mm-wave beamforming in the context of spatial propagation channels at the mm-wave band, which are often reported to be more directionally selective than at the microwave band e.g., [24], [43], [68], [175].…”

“…A hybrid of analog and digital beamforming appears to be an attractive solution that performs near optimum as fully digital beamforming with the reduced number of radio frequency chains. For example, [171] uses a gain focusing lens and a part of feeding antennas attached to the lens for pencil analog-beamforming to yield the best receive SNR, and after that, digital beamspace precoding and combining is performed. [172] proposes hierarchical multi-resolution beamforming codebooks to realize different antenna beamwidths with joint analog-digital processing, and [16] demonstrates the hybrid beamforming by hardware prototyping in microcellular mobile access.…”

Compressed sensing based multi-user millimeter wave systems: How many measurements are needed?

“…On the downlink, the BS applies an N BS ×U RF precoder, For simplicity, we adopt a narrowband block-fading channel model [5,11,12], by which the uth MS receives the signal…”