Beam stripping interactions in compact cyclotrons

Calvo, Pedro; Podadera, I.; Gavela, Daniel; Oliver, C.; Adelmann, Andreas; Snuverink, J.; Gsell, Achim

doi:10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.24.090101

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Recently, in the context of very high field and ultra compact H − cyclotrons beam stripping losses of ion beams by interactions with residual gas and electromagnetic fields are evaluated [216].…”

Section: Single Particle Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The beam stripping algorithm, implemented in OPAL, evaluates the interaction of hydrogen ions with the residual gas and the electromagnetic fields. In the first case, the cross sections of the processes are estimated according to the energy by means of analytical functions (see section II-A [216]). The implementation allows the user to set the pressure, temperature, and composition of the residual gas, which could be selected for the calculations as either molecular hydrogen (H + 2 ) or dry air in the usual proportion.…”

Section: Single Particle Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning electromagnetic stripping, the electric dissociation lifetime is evaluated through the theoretical formalism (see section II-B [216]). In both instances, the individual probability at each integration step for every particle is assessed.…”

Section: Single Particle Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-power Fixed-Field Accelerators

et al. 2023

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We report the state of the field of High-Power Fixed-Field Accelerators (with an emphasis on cyclotrons) as discussed by international experts during a three-day workshop of the same name in 2021. The workshop was part of the Snowmass'21 Community Planning Exercise. Here, we take stock of the world inventory of high-power fixed-field accelerators, assess available beam currents and beam powers, and investigate limitations. Furthermore, we evaluate the role of these machines in particle physics, directly used or as injectors to other machines, and in industry, as drivers for (medical) isotope production and, potentially, for accelerator-driven systems and sub-critical reactors. Finally, we discuss novel concepts and cutting-edge developments to push the available current higher at several energy scales, thereby increasing relative power. Highlights include new spiral inflector types, direct RFQ injection, H2 + acceleration, utilizing vortex motion, and self-extraction schemes. We also discuss modern computational frameworks to optimize accelerators more efficiently, and better describe the relevant physical processes in simulations.

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Section: Single Particle Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Single Particle Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-power Fixed-Field Accelerators

et al. 2023

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“…But since not fully ionized atoms (or molecules) have a considerably larger scattering cross-section with the rest gas molecules, some losses in the course of acceleration are unavoidable. Besides rest gas stripping also Lorentz stripping may result in losses [17][18][19][20][21]. Therefore stripping extraction requires an excellent vacuum and the Lorentz stripping effect limits both, the maximal beam energy and the maximal magnetic field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclotron beam extraction by acceleration

Baumgarten

2023

J. Inst.

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One of the decisive issues in the design and operation of cyclotrons is the choice of the beam extraction method. Typical methods are extraction by electrostatic extractors and by stripping. The former method requires DC high voltage electrodes which are notorious for high-voltage breakdowns. The latter method requires beams of atomic or molecular ions which are notorious for rest gas and Lorentz stripping. Here we discuss the conditions to be met such that a beam will leave the magnetic field of an isochronous cyclotron purely by fast acceleration.

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“…But since not fully ionized atoms (or molecules) have a significantly higher scattering cross-section with the rest gas, some losses during acceleration are unavoidable. Besides rest gas stripping also Lorentz stripping may result in losses [17][18][19][20][21]. Therefore stripping extraction requires an excellent vacuum and the Lorentz stripping effect limits both, the maximal beam energy and the maximal magnetic field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclotron Beam Extraction by Acceleration

Baumgarten¹

2022

Preprint

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One of the decisive issues in the design and operation of cyclotrons is the choice of the beam extraction method. Typical methods are extraction by electrostatic extractors and by stripping. The former method requires DC high voltage electrodes which are notorious for high-voltage breakdowns.The latter method requires beams of atomic or molecular ions which are notorious for rest gas and Lorentz stripping. Here we discuss the conditions to be met such that a beam will leave the magnetic field of an isochronous cyclotron purely by fast acceleration.

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Beam stripping interactions in compact cyclotrons

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

High-power Fixed-Field Accelerators

High-power Fixed-Field Accelerators

Cyclotron beam extraction by acceleration

Cyclotron Beam Extraction by Acceleration

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