Beam coupling in 2×2waveguide arrays in fused silica fabricated by femtosecond laser pulses

Abstract

We demonstrate the coupling of a 2x2 waveguide array produced by a femtosecond laser in fused silica. The coupling constants of the waveguide array are obtained by measuring the ratio of output power of each waveguide by the coupled-mode theory. The variation of the coupled power between four waveguides as a function of the propagation distance is investigated experimentally and theoretically.

Femtosecond Laser-Fabricated Photonic Chips for Optical Communications: A Review

“…Femtosecond laser-fabricated active devices, such as waveguide lasers, waveguide amplifiers, electro-optic modulators, and nonlinear frequency converters, have been utilized in optical communication systems to realize laser generation, laser amplification, laser modulation, and frequency conversion [27,28]. Femtosecond laser-fabricated passive devices [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], especially polarization multiplexers, mode-multiplexers, and fanin/fan-out devices can support multi-dimensional multiplexing in optical communication systems [39][40][41]. The photonic wire bonding technology based on polymers is one of the most promising practical advances of femtosecond laser fabrication, which solves issues regarding the connection of different photonic chips [42].…”