Beach-cast biomass and commercial harvesting of a non-indigenous seaweed, Mazzaella japonica, on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Holden, Jessica J.; Kingzett, Brian C.; MacNeill, Shaun; Smith, Waldo E.; Juanes, Francis; Dudas, Sarah E.

doi:10.1007/s10811-017-1321-1

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Macroalgal wrack is regularly harvested in some regions of the world, including Chile, North America, Ireland and Australia (Kirkman & Kendrick, 1997;Holden et al, 2018). Native macroalgal species are harvested for a variety of uses including alginate and agar, cattle feed, soil fertilizers and conditioners, and feed for abalone hatcheries, while seagrasses are harvested for insulation and soil fertilizer (Kirkman & Kendrick, 1997).…”

Section: Human Use Impacts and Management (1) Beach Grooming And Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Native macroalgal species are harvested for a variety of uses including alginate and agar, cattle feed, soil fertilizers and conditioners, and feed for abalone hatcheries, while seagrasses are harvested for insulation and soil fertilizer (Kirkman & Kendrick, 1997). Methods and equipment used in harvesting macrophytes from beaches vary from artisanal hand picking (a few tonnes y -1 ) to commercial harvesting using heavy equipment, such as bulldozers (100s to 1,000s of tonnes y -1 , Holden et al, 2018). Harvesting can remove large proportions of beach wrack.…”

Section: Human Use Impacts and Management (1) Beach Grooming And Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harvesting can remove large proportions of beach wrack. For example, harvests of drift bull kelp (D. potatorum) on Australia's King Island (average harvests of 2,500 tonnes y -1 , Holden et al 2018) account for ~50% of the kelp deposited annually on beaches (Kirkman & Kendrick, 1997). Non-native species may also be harvested.…”

Section: Human Use Impacts and Management (1) Beach Grooming And Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vancouver Island (Holden et al, 2018). Overall, the harvest methods and their associated impacts, and the relative magnitude of wrack harvest are not well documented (see Kirkman & Kendrick, 1997;Holden et al, 2018), suggesting this is a significant gap in the information needed to manage wrack harvest on sandy beaches.…”

Section: Human Use Impacts and Management (1) Beach Grooming And Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flotsam and jetsam: a global review of the role of inputs of marine organic matter in sandy beach ecosystems

Hyndes¹,

Berdan²,

Duarte³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Sandy beaches are iconic interfaces that functionally link the ocean with the land by the flow of marine organic matter. These cross-ecosystem fluxes often comprise uprooted seagrass and dislodged macroalgae that can form substantial accumulations of detritus, termed ‘wrack’, on sandy beaches. In addition, the tissue of the carcasses of marine animals that regularly wash up on beaches form a rich food source (‘carrion’) for a diversity of scavenging animals. Here, we provide a global review of how wrack and carrion provide spatial subsidies that shape the structure and functioning of sandy beach ecosystems (sandy beaches and adjacent surf zones), which typically have little in situ primary production. We also examime the spatial scaling of the influence of these processes across the broader seascape and landscape, and identify key gaps in our knowledge to guide future research directions and priorities. Globally, large quantities of detrital kelp and seagrass can flow into sandy beach ecosystems, where microbial decomposers and animals remineralise and consume the imported organic matter. The supply and retention of wrack are influenced by the oceanographic processes that transport it, the geomorphology and landscape context of the recipient beaches, and the condition, life history and morphological characteristics of the taxa that are the ultimate source of wrack. When retained in beach ecosystems, wrack often creates hotspots of microbial metabolism, secondary productivity, biodiversity, and nutrient remineralization. Nutrients are produced during wrack break-down, and these can return to coastal waters in surface flows (swash) and the aquifier discharging into the subtidal surf. Beach-cast kelp often plays a key trophic role, being an abundant and preferred food source for mobile, semi-aquatic invertebrates that channel imported algal matter to predatory invertebrates, fish, and birds. The role of beach-cast marine carrion is likely to be underestimated, as it can be consumed rapidly by highly mobile scavengers (e.g. foxes, coyotes, raptors, vultures). These consumers become important vectors in transferring marine productivity inland, thereby linking marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Whilst deposits of organic matter on sandy beach ecosystems underpin a range of ecosystem functions and services, these can be at variance with aesthetic perceptions resulting in widespread activities, such ‘beach cleaning and grooming’. This practice diminishes the energetic base of food webs, intertidal fauna, and biodiversity. Global declines in seagrass beds and kelp forests (linked to global warming) are predicted to cause substantial reductions in the amounts of marine organic matter reaching many beach ecosystems, likely causing flow-on effects on food webs and biodiversity. Similarly, future sea-level rise and stormier seas are likely to profoundly alter the physical attributes of beaches, which in turn can change the rates at which beaches retain and process the influxes of wrack and animal carcasses. Conservation of the multi-faceted ecosystem services that sandy beaches provide will increasingly need to encompass a greater societal appreciation and the safeguarding of ecological functions reliant on beach-cast organic matter on innumerable ocean shores worldwide.

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Section: Human Use Impacts and Management (1) Beach Grooming And Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Use Impacts and Management (1) Beach Grooming And Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Use Impacts and Management (1) Beach Grooming And Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Use Impacts and Management (1) Beach Grooming And Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flotsam and jetsam: a global review of the role of inputs of marine organic matter in sandy beach ecosystems

Hyndes¹,

Berdan²,

Duarte³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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show abstract

“…As algae are growing naturally and are collected directly from nature, there are limits in the amounts available each year for collection. The limit is assumed based on the average washed out algae load size per meter of coastline per year (25 kg/m) and the length of the coastline (494 km) [14]. Based on that information, the biogas yields and the chosen algae-manure ratio a digestion tank with a capacity of 1 500 m 3 and a CHP unit with 250 kW electrical capacity are chosen.…”

Section: Description Of Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Biogas Production from Cerathophyllum demersum, Fucus vesiculosus and Ulva intestinalis in Latvian Conditions

Pastare

Romagnoli

2019

Environmental and Climate Technologies

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Life cycle costs of co-digestion plant of cattle farm manure and locally available freshwater macrophyte C. demersum, marine brown algae F. vesiculosus, and marine green algae U. intestinalis; ratio 5:1) are analysed based on Latvian climatic and economic conditions. Biomass collection from nature and pre-treatment of biomass, biogas production, biogas treatment and utilization in combined heat and power plant are included in the boundaries. The weak points of scenarios are large capital investments, electricity sale price (and the application of feed-in tariff). As naturally grown algae and macrophytes are used, they are also sensitive to weather conditions each year as available amounts of biomass might change and decrease. Net Present Value is positive only for C. demersum with Internal Rate of Return of –14 % and Discounted Payback Period of 11 years.

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An overview of beach-cast seaweeds: Potential and opportunities for the valorization of underused waste biomass

Harb

Chow

2022

Algal Research

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Beach-cast biomass and commercial harvesting of a non-indigenous seaweed, Mazzaella japonica, on the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Flotsam and jetsam: a global review of the role of inputs of marine organic matter in sandy beach ecosystems

Flotsam and jetsam: a global review of the role of inputs of marine organic matter in sandy beach ecosystems

Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Biogas Production from Cerathophyllum demersum, Fucus vesiculosus and Ulva intestinalis in Latvian Conditions

An overview of beach-cast seaweeds: Potential and opportunities for the valorization of underused waste biomass

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