Orthodox Christianity in Italy: the Settlement of OrthodoxDiasporas in the Italian Peninsula. According to a socio-religious perspective, Orthodox Christianity in Italy can be considered as a 'Western European Orthodox laboratory'. In this scenario, in fact, some patterns relating to the establishment of Eastern Orthodoxy in Western Europe may be identified. Taking into consideration that in Italy there is the largest number of Orthodox faithful in Western Europe and the largest Romanian diaspora in the world, I focus on the settlement of Orthodox diasporas within the Italian peninsula. The first objective is to offer an overview about the whole Orthodox community in Italy, while the second is to explore the constellation of Orthodox jurisdictions (canonical and noncanonical) in the Italian peninsula. The third aim is to define the paths of engagement with the host context of diasporas of the Romanian Orthodox Church, the Ecumenical Patriarchate, and the Russian Orthodox Church. In short, the article would like to shed fresh light on the establishment and recent sociological developments of Eastern Orthodoxy in Italy.