NMDA receptors are calcium-permeable ionotropic receptors that detect coincident glutamate binding and membrane depolarization and are essential for many forms of synaptic plasticity in the mammalian brain. The obligatory GluN1 subunit of NMDA receptors is alternatively spliced at multiple sites, generating forms that vary in N-terminal N1 and C-terminal C1, C2, and C2 cassettes. Based on expression of GluN1 constructs in heterologous cells and in wild type neurons, the prevalent view is that the C-terminal cassettes regulate synaptic accumulation and its modulation by homeostatic activity blockade and by protein kinase C (PKC). Here, we tested the role of GluN1 splicing in regulated synaptic accumulation of NMDA receptors by lentiviral expression of individual GluN1 splice variants in hippocampal neurons cultured from GluN1 (؊/؊) mice. High efficiency transduction of GluN1 at levels similar to endogenous was achieved. Under control conditions, the C2 cassette mediated enhanced synaptic accumulation relative to the alternate C2 cassette, whereas the presence or absence of N1 or C1 had no effect. Surprisingly all GluN1 splice variants showed >2-fold increased synaptic accumulation with chronic blockade of NMDA receptor activity. Furthermore, in this neuronal rescue system, all GluN1 splice variants were equally rapidly dispersed upon activation of PKC. These results indicate that the major mechanisms mediating homeostatic synaptic accumulation and PKC dispersal of NMDA receptors occur independently of GluN1 splice isoform.
N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)3 type ionotropic glutamate receptors are present at excitatory synapses in the nervous system. These receptors play roles in neuronal development, learning and memory and neurological diseases (1-4). They require the simultaneous binding of glutamate and membrane depolarization for the channel to open, which makes them coincidence detectors of pre-and postsynaptic activity. Calcium flux through NMDA receptors triggers signal transduction cascades that are necessary for inducing many forms of synaptic plasticity. NMDA receptors are heteromeric cation channels composed of GluN1 and GluN2 subunits, and more rarely GluN3 subunits (5). The obligatory GluN1 subunit, which binds the co-agonist glycine, is encoded by a single gene which gives rise to eight GluN1 variants through alternative splicing of exons 5, 21, and 22 (6). The expression of GluN1 splice variants changes during development and across brain regions (7,8), and can be regulated by neuronal activity (9, 10). Therefore, the composition of NMDA receptor signaling complexes may be dynamically regulated through the splicing of GluN1.At the region encoding the N-terminal domain of GluN1, alternative splicing of exon 5 gives rise to splice variants containing or lacking the N1 cassette which regulates receptor deactivation kinetics as well as sensitivity to pH, Zn 2ϩ , and spermine (11-13). Alternative splicing of exons 21 and 22 generates four different splice variants at the intracellular C terminus of GluN1, var...