BCLA CLEAR – Contact lens optics

Richdale, Kathryn; Cox, Ian; Kollbaum, Pete; Bullimore, Mark A.; Bakaraju, Ravi C.; Gifford, Paul; Plainis, Sotiris; McKenney, Curt; Newman, Steve; Tomiyama, Erin S; Morgan, Philip B.

doi:10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.005

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 262 publications

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“…12 Centre distance multifocal contact lenses induce positive spherical aberration, whereas centre near multifocal contact lenses induce negative spherical aberration. 37 If this theory is correct, our results show that in the same population wearing both orthokeratology and soft multifocal contact lenses, the orthokeratology lenses induced greater amounts of spherical aberration. This hypothesis, coupled with the observation that orthokeratology lenses induced higher levels of spherical aberration, could suggest that orthokeratology lenses may be better at slowing myopia progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Greater higher order aberrations induced by toric orthokeratology versus soft toric multifocal contact lens wear

Tomiyama

Marsack

et al. 2021

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose: Spherical orthokeratology and soft multifocal contact lenses are commonly used for myopia control and correction, but have been shown to increase spherical aberration, coma and total higher order root mean square (HORMS) aberrations. There are limited myopia control contact lens options for patients with moderate to high astigmatism. The purpose of this study was to quantify changes in higher order aberrations (HOA) in myopic astigmatic eyes fitted with toric orthokeratology (TOK) and soft toric multifocal (STM) contact lenses. Methods: Ocular wavefront aberrations were measured in both eyes of 30 adult subjects and are reported through the 6th radial order over a 5 mm, dilated pupil. All eyes met refractive criteria of myopia (À5.00 D to plano) and cylinder (À3.50 to À1.25 D). Three measurements were taken at baseline and after 10 AE 2 days of lens wear (TOK, STM). Sixteen subjects achieved logMAR high contrast visual acuity of 0.30 or better in both eyes and were included in this analysis. Repeated measures analysis of variance and post-hoc paired t-tests were used, as appropriate, with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Results: Higher order root mean square, spherical aberration (C12), and coma RMS (C7, C8) increased with TOK (0.641 [0.222], 0.409 [0.157], 0.426 [0.187] µm, respectively) and STM (0.481 [0.107], 0.223 [0.139], 0.320 [0.130] µm, respectively) from baseline (all p < 0.001). TOK was elevated compared to STM for HORMS (p = 0.03), spherical aberration (p = 0.001) and coma RMS (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Toric orthokeratology induced more HORMS, spherical aberration and coma RMS than STM in myopic astigmats; however, both lens types showed an increase in HOA compared to baseline, which placed patients outside the age and pupil size matched normative ranges. While the optical changes that accompany these modalities are helpful for myopia management, the induction of HOAs may have unintended consequences on visual performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Greater higher order aberrations induced by toric orthokeratology versus soft toric multifocal contact lens wear

Tomiyama

Marsack

et al. 2021

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…Therefore, F/X indicates the size of the aperture. Since the F value fixes, the smaller the “aperture value” as the denominator is, the greater the amount of entering light is, and the shallower the depth of the field; the aperture value is more significant; and the smaller the light input is, the deeper the focus is—as shown in Table 2 [ 21 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Electrical Circuit in a Thin-Film-Transistor Liquid-Crystal Display Using a Hybrid Optoelectronic Apparatus: An Array Tester and Automatic Optical Inspection

2021

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In this study, we developed a high-resolution, more accurate, non-destructive apparatus for refining the detection of electrode pixels in a thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT-LCD). The hybrid optoelectronic apparatus simultaneously uses an array tester linked with the automatic optical inspection of panel defects. Unfortunately, due to a tiny air gap in the electro-optical inspector, the situation repeatedly causes numerous scratches and damages to the modulator; therefore, developing alternative equipment is necessary. Typically, in TFT-LCDs, there are open, short, and cross short electrical defects. The experiment utilized a multiple-line scan with the time delay integration (TDI) of a charge-coupled device (CCD) to capture a sharp image, even under low light, various speeds, or extreme conditions. In addition, we explored the experimental efficacy of detecting the electrode pixel of the samples and evaluated the effectiveness of a 7-inch opaque quartz mask. The results show that an array tester and AOI can detect a TFT-LCD electrode pixel sufficiently; therefore, we recommend adopting the hybrid apparatus in the TFT-LCD industry.

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“…It is widely believed that adequate tear interchange beneath a contact lens enhances gas exchange at the corneal surface, reduces friction and removes trapped debris, inflammatory cells and other tear components that would otherwise accumulate under the lens [336]. Decentration of the lens affects the optical correction's aberrations projected onto the retina [337], but lens misalignment with the optical axis has little effect with spherical optical designs [338] (see CLEAR Optics Report) [339].…”

Section: Physiological and Optical Impact Of Poor Lens Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of visual performance when wearing contact lenses in practice. Aspheric lens designs change the aberrations of light entering the eye, but do not seem to affect visual performance [361,362] (see CLEAR Optics Report) [339]. Toric and multifocal soft lens wearers have a higher risk of dropping out of lens wear than spherical design wearers so ECPs should ensure that patients wearing these lens designs are happy with the visual performance on dispensing and within the first couple of months of wear [24].…”

Section: Assessment Of Visual Performance With Contact Lensesmentioning

confidence: 99%