BCL2 Family Genes Expression in Gynecological Diseases

Abstract

BCL2 family proteins are a very well-studied protein group for their critical role in cellular apoptosis. Apoptosis is involved in many biological phenomena and it is the basis of normal cellular homeostasis. It depends on a complex series of signals that are necessary for the homeostasis of our body. In this complex mechanism is involved a large family of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes whose altered operation can lead to serious tissue disorders. Modifications of its complex processes have been recognized as responsible for different human pathologies including cancer, autoimmunity, neurodegenerative disorders and diabetes. Our review focuses on the normal functions and deregulation of BCL2 family genes in different gynecological pathologies: uterine congenital malformation, metabolic alterations (insulin-resistance and hyperandrogenemia), effect on ovarian follicles and endometrium proliferation. Certainly the connection between hormone alterations and interference with normal cell cycle are much investigated but further studies are necessary to better understand dysmetabolic pattern in which BCL2 members are involved in order to implement, where possible, a direct or indirect therapy aiming to restore the altered balance.