BCIs That Use P300 Event-Related Potentials

Sellers, Eric W.; Arbel, Yael; Donchin, Emanuel

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195388855.003.0012

Cited by 38 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…However, controlling a cursor in the 2D space included more target positions and thus was more complex than controlling the cursor only in 4 directions. For real-world applications, however, BCIs based on event-related potentials, such as the P300 speller, are mostly used to date [45]. The P300 can be detected in 90% of people with minimal training required which makes the P300 speller highly effective [45,46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For real-world applications, however, BCIs based on event-related potentials, such as the P300 speller, are mostly used to date [45]. The P300 can be detected in 90% of people with minimal training required which makes the P300 speller highly effective [45,46]. Depending on the specific method and application used, comparably high or higher accuracies and information transfer rates were achieved with P300 spellers than in the present study [47,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whatever Works: A Systematic User-Centered Training Protocol to Optimize Brain-Computer Interfacing Individually

2013

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This study implemented a systematic user-centered training protocol for a 4-class brain-computer interface (BCI). The goal was to optimize the BCI individually in order to achieve high performance within few sessions for all users. Eight able-bodied volunteers, who were initially naïve to the use of a BCI, participated in 10 sessions over a period of about 5 weeks. In an initial screening session, users were asked to perform the following seven mental tasks while multi-channel EEG was recorded: mental rotation, word association, auditory imagery, mental subtraction, spatial navigation, motor imagery of the left hand and motor imagery of both feet. Out of these seven mental tasks, the best 4-class combination as well as most reactive frequency band (between 8-30 Hz) was selected individually for online control. Classification was based on common spatial patterns and Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis. The number and time of classifier updates varied individually. Selection speed was increased by reducing trial length. To minimize differences in brain activity between sessions with and without feedback, sham feedback was provided in the screening and calibration runs in which usually no real-time feedback is shown. Selected task combinations and frequency ranges differed between users. The tasks that were included in the 4-class combination most often were (1) motor imagery of the left hand (2), one brain-teaser task (word association or mental subtraction) (3), mental rotation task and (4) one more dynamic imagery task (auditory imagery, spatial navigation, imagery of the feet). Participants achieved mean performances over sessions of 44-84% and peak performances in single-sessions of 58-93% in this user-centered 4-class BCI protocol. This protocol is highly adjustable to individual users and thus could increase the percentage of users who can gain and maintain BCI control. A high priority for future work is to examine this protocol with severely disabled users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whatever Works: A Systematic User-Centered Training Protocol to Optimize Brain-Computer Interfacing Individually

2013

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“…Since this initial description, visual P300-based BCIs have been extensively studied primarily in the laboratory (See Sellers, et al 2012 for review). For example, in the P300-based BCI speller, a 6×6 matrix of 36 items (i.e., characters and numbers) is presented on a screen; and the user attends to the desired item (i.e., the target) while different groups of items flash rapidly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P300-based brain-computer interface (BCI) event-related potentials (ERPs): People with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) vs. age-matched controls

McCane

Heckman

McFarland

et al. 2015

Clinical Neurophysiology

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128

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Objective Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) aimed at restoring communication to people with severe neuromuscular disabilities often use event-related potentials (ERPs) in scalp-recorded EEG activity. Up to the present, most research and development in this area has been done in the laboratory with young healthy control subjects. In order to facilitate the development of BCI most useful to people with disabilities, the present study set out to: (1) determine whether people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and healthy, age-matched volunteers (HVs) differ in the speed and accuracy of their ERP-based BCI use; (2) compare the ERP characteristics of these two groups; and (3) identify ERP-related factors that might enable improvement in BCI performance for people with disabilities. Methods Sixteen EEG channels were recorded while people with ALS or healthy age-matched volunteers (HVs) used a P300-based BCI. The subjects with ALS had little or no remaining useful motor control (mean ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised 9.4(±9.5SD) (range 0–25)). Each subject attended to a target item as the items in a 6×6 visual matrix flashed. The BCI used a stepwise linear discriminant function (SWLDA) to determine the item the user wished to select (i.e., the target item). Offline analyses assessed the latencies, amplitudes, and locations of ERPs to the target and non-target items for people with ALS and age-matched control subjects. Results BCI accuracy and communication rate did not differ significantly between ALS users and HVs. Although ERP morphology was similar for the two groups, their target ERPs differed significantly in the location and amplitude of the late positivity (P300), the amplitude of the early negativity (N200), and the latency of the late negativity (LN). Conclusions The differences in target ERP components between people with ALS and age-matched HVs are consistent with the growing recognition that ALS may affect cortical function. The development of BCIs for use by this population may begin with studies in HVs but also needs to include studies in people with ALS. Their differences in ERP components may affect the selection of electrode montages, and might also affect the selection of presentation parameters (e.g., matrix design, stimulation rate). Significance P300-based BCI performance in people severely disabled by ALS is similar to that of age-matched control subjects. At the same time, their ERP components differ to some degree from those of controls. Attention to these differences could contribute to the development of BCIs useful to those with ALS and possibly to others with severe neuromuscular disabilities.

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“…Since this original description, P300-based BCIs have been explored in the laboratory by many different research groups (reviewed in (19)). For example, in the P300 BCI speller, a 6 × 6 matrix containing 36 characters is displayed on a screen and the user attends to a desired character (the target) while the characters flash randomly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain-computer interface (BCI) evaluation in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

McCane

Sellers

McFarland

et al. 2014

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration

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103

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Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) might restore communication to people severely disabled by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or other disorders. We sought to: 1) define a protocol for determining whether a person with ALS can use a visual P300-based BCI; 2) determine what proportion of this population can use the BCI; and 3) identify factors affecting BCI performance. Twenty-five individuals with ALS completed an evaluation protocol using a standard 6 × 6 matrix and parameters selected by stepwise linear discrimination. With an 8-channel EEG montage, the subjects fell into two groups in BCI accuracy (chance accuracy 3%). Seventeen averaged 92 (± 3)% (range 71–100%), which is adequate for communication (G70 group). Eight averaged 12 (± 6)% (range 0–36%), inadequate for communication (L40 subject group). Performance did not correlate with disability: 11/17 (65%) of G70 subjects were severely disabled (i.e. ALSFRS-R < 5). All L40 subjects had visual impairments (e.g. nystagmus, diplopia, ptosis). P300 was larger and more anterior in G70 subjects. A 16-channel montage did not significantly improve accuracy. In conclusion, most people severely disabled by ALS could use a visual P300-based BCI for communication. In those who could not, visual impairment was the principal obstacle. For these individuals, auditory P300-based BCIs might be effective.

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BCIs That Use P300 Event-Related Potentials

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Whatever Works: A Systematic User-Centered Training Protocol to Optimize Brain-Computer Interfacing Individually

Whatever Works: A Systematic User-Centered Training Protocol to Optimize Brain-Computer Interfacing Individually

P300-based brain-computer interface (BCI) event-related potentials (ERPs): People with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) vs. age-matched controls

Brain-computer interface (BCI) evaluation in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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