BBC and New York Times’ Coverage of the May 2021 Israeli Onslaught on Gaza: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Abstract

The latest Israeli onslaught on Gaza in May 2021 demonstrated the pivotal role of the international media as an influential source of knowledge-gaining, agenda setting, and opinion shaping for various social groups and audiences. Based on theoretical constructs and analytical tools drawn from Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, 1992, 1995), this study aims to analyze how the New York Times and the BBC covered the Israeli onslaught on Gaza during May 2021. I examine the main topics and key linguistic structures the two influential media outlets use in constructing Palestinian and Israeli actors and their violent actions and how such coverage contributes to the construction of a particular ideological representation of the events. The results show that the two media outlets mainly served Israel’s justifications and interests at the expense of Palestinian narrative and rights through the conflation of two main topics in their representation of the Israeli onslaught on Gaza. The Israeli war was constructed as a war against Hamas, and not against the Palestinian people. They depict the onslaught as a retaliation to Hamas’s rockets. Furthermore, the human and material losses inflicted by Israel on Gaza were framed along the lines of “there are victims on both sides”. The two topics reduce Israel’s moral and political responsibility for the massive losses in human life and destruction inflicted upon the Palestinians in Gaza. This study shows the potent role of news media in framing, legitimizing, or delegitimizing political actors and their actions and maintaining power asymmetries between different political groups.

A “regional halo effect”: Media use and evaluations of America's strategic relationships with five Middle East countries

“…Jamal (2012) claims that U.S. foreign policy has four main goals in the Middle East: countering Iran, supporting Israel, obtaining oil, and weakening Islamists, and these objectives are often reflected in U.S. news coverage of the region. Amer (2022), for example, found that CNN and The New York Times portrayed Israel's 2021 war in Gaza as a war on the Islamist militant group Hamas, even though at least half of the 236 Palestinians killed were civilians, not combatants (Trew, 2022). Broadly, international news in the U.S., especially about the Middle East, often emphasizes conflict (Fahmy, 2009).…”