“…Actually, the shear modulus and the effective stiffness of masonry walls not only are a function of the masonry type, but significantly depend on the adopted test setup [ 8 ], which usually can include vertical compression tests [ 9 ], diagonal compression tests [ 10 ], and shear compression tests [ 11 ]. Since global resistance, effective stiffness, and shear failure mechanisms of the wall depend on compressive stresses, quality of mortar [ 8 , 12 ], and other influencing parameters, the shear behavior of masonry walls has been deeply investigated [ 2 , 7 , 8 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] to determine the most relevant relationships.…”