Bayesian inference for the distribution of grams of marijuana in a joint

Ridgeway, Greg; Kilmer, Beau

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.004

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For smoking, we assumed that one joint was 0.32 g of cannabis. 30 For ingestion, we used the reported amount of cannabis per patient-reported product.…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Medical Cannabis on Intermittent and Chronic Opioid Users with Back Pain: How Cannabis Diminished Prescription Opioid Usage

Takakuwa¹,

Hergenrather²,

Shofer

et al. 2020

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research

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Objective: To determine if cannabis may be used as an alternative or adjunct treatment for intermittent and chronic prescription opioid users. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: A single-center cannabis medical practice site in California. Patients: A total of 180 patients who had a chief complaint of low back pain were identified (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, code M54.5). Sixty-one patients who used prescription opioids were analyzed. Interventions: Cannabis recommendations were provided to patients as a way to mitigate their low back pain. Outcome Measures: Number of patients who stopped opioids and change in morphine equivalents. Results: There were no between-group differences based on demographic, experiential, or attitudinal variables. We found that 50.8% were able to stop all opioid usage, which took a median of 6.4 years (IQR = 1.75-11 years) after excluding two patients who transitioned off opioids by utilizing opioid agonists. For those 29 patients (47.5%) who did not stop opioids, 9 (31%) were able to reduce opioid use, 3 (10%) held the same baseline, and 17 (59%) increased their usage. Forty-eight percent of patients subjectively felt like cannabis helped them mitigate their opioid intake but this sentiment did not predict who actually stopped opioid usage. There were no variables that predicted who stopped opioids, except that those who used higher doses of cannabis were more likely to stop, which suggests that some patients might be able to stop opioids by using cannabis, particularly those who are dosed at higher levels. Conclusions: In this long-term observational study, cannabis use worked as an alternative to prescription opioids in just over half of patients with low back pain and as an adjunct to diminish use in some chronic opioid users.

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“…For smoking, we assumed that one joint was 0.32 g of cannabis. 30 For ingestion, we used the reported amount of cannabis per patient-reported product.…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Medical Cannabis on Intermittent and Chronic Opioid Users with Back Pain: How Cannabis Diminished Prescription Opioid Usage

Takakuwa¹,

Hergenrather²,

Shofer

et al. 2020

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research

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“…Based on the estimation that the mean weight of marijuana in a joint is 0.32 g [18], the monthly dose consumed by our cohort was 21 g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Cannabis Use by Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients: Experience of a Single Center

et al. 2018

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Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the most curable malignancies. Despite its effectiveness, chemotherapy is often associated with adverse events (AEs) such as nausea, anorexia, and impairment of general well-being. Our objective was to assess the extent of medical cannabis use among HL patients and evaluate its efficacy in controlling chemotherapy-related AEs. Patterns of medical cannabis use and efficacy were evaluated using physician-completed application forms, medical files, and patient-completed questionnaires, for all consecutive adult HL patients treated at the Tel-Aviv Medical Center between June 2010 and November 2016. One-hundred and thirty-three patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age of the cohort was 37 years, 53% were male, 46% were diagnosed at an early stage, and 88% achieved a complete response to treatment. Fifty-one patients (38%) used medical cannabis. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between cannabis users and nonusers. Cannabis users reported improvement in pain, general well-being, appetite, and nausea in 94, 87, 82, and 79% of cases, respectively. Importantly, 81.5% reported a high overall efficacy of cannabis in relieving symptoms. AEs related to cannabis use itself were mild. Thus, medical cannabis use is prevalent in this HL cohort, and appears to be effective in ameliorating chemotherapy-related AEs.

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“… 8 In Europe, the particular issue of smoking cannabis and tobacco is worrying and mostly disregarded. 29 Understanding how much cannabis is in a joint will inform important drug policy discussions 6 and improve research outcomes when estimating dose, especially as self-reported use is often the main outcome variable used to link cannabis consumption to health outcomes. It is essential that dose be taken into account alongside potency measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 2–5 Moreover, the role of frequency of use is often overemphasized at the expense of quantity (e.g., amount of cannabis used per day, per joint, or joints per gram), which is also a predictor of problematic use. 1 , 6–8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of a Joint: Comparing Self-Reported and Actual Dose of Cannabis and Tobacco in a Joint, and How These Are Influenced by Controlled Acute Administration

Hindocha

Freeman

Curran

2017

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research

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Introduction: Major gaps exist in the measurement of cannabis exposure. The accuracy of self-reported cannabis and tobacco dose per joint is poorly characterized and has never been investigated following acute cannabis/tobacco exposure. Using an innovative “Roll a Joint” paradigm, this study aims to (1) compare estimated and actual dose of cannabis and tobacco per joint at baseline and (2) examine the acute effects of cannabis and/or tobacco on estimated and actual dose.Materials and Methods: We investigated this by using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover 2 (active cannabis, placebo cannabis)×2 (active tobacco, placebo tobacco) design in a laboratory setting. Participants were 24 recreational cousers of cannabis and tobacco. At baseline, they were asked to measure out the amount of cannabis and tobacco they would put in an average joint for themselves (dose per joint). Then, on each of four drug administration sessions, participants were again asked to do this for a joint they would want to smoke “right now.” Self-reported and actual amount was recorded (g).Results: At baseline, the estimated amount of cannabis per joint (0.28±0.23 g) was double the actual amount (0.14±0.12 g) (p=0.003, d=0.723). No difference emerged between estimated (0.43±0.25 g) and actual (0.35±0.15 g) (p=0.125) amount of tobacco per joint. Compared to placebo, active cannabis reduced the actual dose of both cannabis (p=0.035) and tobacco (p<0.001) they put in a joint. Participants accurately estimated this reduction for tobacco (p=0.014), but not for cannabis (p=0.680).Conclusions: Self-reported dose per joint is accurate for tobacco but dramatically overestimates cannabis exposure and therefore should be viewed with caution. Cannabis administration reduced the amount of cannabis and tobacco added to joints, suggesting a reduction in dose during a smoking session. The “Roll A Joint” paradigm should be implemented for better accuracy in assessing dose per joint.

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Bayesian inference for the distribution of grams of marijuana in a joint

Cited by 37 publications

References 12 publications

The Impact of Medical Cannabis on Intermittent and Chronic Opioid Users with Back Pain: How Cannabis Diminished Prescription Opioid Usage

The Impact of Medical Cannabis on Intermittent and Chronic Opioid Users with Back Pain: How Cannabis Diminished Prescription Opioid Usage

Medical Cannabis Use by Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients: Experience of a Single Center

Anatomy of a Joint: Comparing Self-Reported and Actual Dose of Cannabis and Tobacco in a Joint, and How These Are Influenced by Controlled Acute Administration

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