Bayer Process—Water and Energy Balance

LaMacchia, Robert; Costa, Raphael Bermal

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88586-1_9

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…This highly polluting and energy-intensive process requires caustic chemicals that produce vast pools of environmentally toxic red mud . The process ultimately isolates Al from bauxite ore as gibbsite phase Al(OH) 3 , which can then be calcined to industrially valuable α-Al 2 O 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallium Nanoparticle Formation and Doping of Nanocrystalline Alumina from a Ga–Al Liquid Metal Hydrogen Generating Reaction

Lofgren,

Lopez,

Singaram

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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We report a liquid metal gallium−aluminum (Ga− Al) composite water splitting reaction, where gallium nanoparticles (Ga NPs) and nanocrystalline aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH) 3 ] are generated simultaneously with the coproduction of green H 2 fuel. This reaction involves the formation of Ga NPs originating from Lewis acid−base nanoclusters composed of Ga and Al NPs. The initial Ga−Al NP liquid composite possesses the ability to cleave the H−O−H bonds of water, resulting in the formation of Ga−H and Al−OH bonds. Under ambient conditions, the Ga−H bonds subsequently metathesize into Ga NPs and H 2 . Interestingly, these Ga NPs undergo gradual oxidation in air, resulting in the doping of the nanoaluminum hydroxide byproduct. Remarkably, this reaction occurs under atmospheric conditions without the need for caustic chemicals, electrolysis, reverse osmosis, inert atmosphere, or external energy input. The reaction products were characterized using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). We further investigated the influence of various reaction conditions, such as composition of the binary alloy, volume of water used, and temperature, on the resulting byproducts. The nano-Al(OH) 3 byproduct could be successfully calcined to value-added nanocrystalline α-Al 2 O 3 at 1100 °C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallium Nanoparticle Formation and Doping of Nanocrystalline Alumina from a Ga–Al Liquid Metal Hydrogen Generating Reaction

Lofgren,

Lopez,

Singaram

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Exploring innovative strategies for precipitation extent enhancement in a downscaled Bayer process tank

Bakhtom,

Ghasemzade Bariki,

Movahedirad

2024

Can J Chem Eng

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The Bayer process is a cornerstone of alumina production, and its precipitation stage holds the key to both efficiency and product quality. In this study, we embarked on a comprehensive exploration of strategies to enhance the precipitation extent of aluminium hydroxide, a pivotal step in the Bayer process. Utilizing a newly constructed reactor, along with experiments using reactors in series, we rigorously experimented with various factors, including the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an enhancer, seed activation methods, the integration of a hydrocyclone within the processing unit, the application of a magnetic field, and the injection of supersaturated liquor midway through the process. These diverse strategies were systematically assessed to decipher their individual and synergistic effects on precipitation extent. Our research aims to uncover the optimal conditions for maximizing alumina precipitation while maintaining product quality and seed particle stability. By offering new insights and practical solutions, this study contributes to the ongoing advancement of alumina production within the Bayer process.

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Bayer Process—Water and Energy Balance

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Gallium Nanoparticle Formation and Doping of Nanocrystalline Alumina from a Ga–Al Liquid Metal Hydrogen Generating Reaction

Gallium Nanoparticle Formation and Doping of Nanocrystalline Alumina from a Ga–Al Liquid Metal Hydrogen Generating Reaction

Exploring innovative strategies for precipitation extent enhancement in a downscaled Bayer process tank

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