Bauxite residue (red mud) increases phosphorus retention in sandy soil catchments in Western Australia

Summers, Robert; Guise, Neil; Smirk, David

doi:10.1007/bf00749964

Cited by 61 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…So the phosphorus release from the RM amended soil was reduced. Similar results have been reported by Summers et al (1993, 1996a, b, 2001, 2002, Vlahos et al (1989, Ward and Summers (1993) and Snars et al (1993), who found that RM can reduce phosphorus leaching from sandy soils.…”

Section: Batch Leaching Experimentssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The main fraction was clay, so the investigated soil was referred as clay soil. This soil is different from the previous investigated soil by Summers et al (1993Summers et al ( , 1996aSummers et al ( , b, 2002, who used RM as the amendment to immobilize phosphorus on sandy soil. The sandy soil was barren and has low water holding capacity.…”

Section: Soil Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 56%

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Reduction of phosphorus release from high phosphorus soil by red mud

et al. 2011

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The high phosphorus levels cause the release of phosphorus from soils, thereby increasing the potential for phosphorus export to adjacent water bodies. The loss of phosphorus from soils to surface waters is a major source of water quality impairment. Therefore, soil phosphorus immobilization seems necessary. In this study, red mud (RM) was employed to immobilize phosphorus in a typical agricultural soil. It was found that phosphorus was effectively immobilized by RM. Batch leaching experiments showed that RM reduced phosphorus release from 14.38 to 2.56 mg/kg when soil was amended with 1% RM. Column leaching experiments showed that RM reduced the total amount of phosphorus released from 36.73 to 18.79 mg/kg during the investigated period. Sequential chemical extraction results indicated that RM amendment transformed H 2 O-P into more stable fractions. The results suggested that application of RM amendment to soils could significantly immobilize soluble phosphorus, reducing phosphorus release to the environment.

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Section: Batch Leaching Experimentssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Soil Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Reduction of phosphorus release from high phosphorus soil by red mud

et al. 2011

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“…The immobilizing ability of RM (Gadepalle et al, 2007, Summers et al, 1993) may contribute to the nutrient scarcity over the long term. For example, Snars et al (2002) reported that environmental stress, such as drying or the addition of microbial suppressants could mitigate the effect of the red mud in decreasing P availability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the alkaline nature of red mud can be used to raise the pH of organic or acidic soils (Summers et al, 1996, Snars et al, 2004, which tend to suffer from Al phytotoxicity (Alva et al, 2002). Additionally, due to red mud mineralogy (iron and aluminium oxides, hydroxides) it can increase the phosphorus retention of sandy soils adsorbing phosphate (Summers et al, 1993, Summers andPech, 1997), thus reducing phosphate leaching and preventing eutrophication, and creating a phosphate pool that is available to plants and soil microorganisms. However, the alkalinity, the trace metal content and the naturally occurring radioactive material content of red mud may pose significant environmental risks (Akinci andArtir, 2008, Klauber et al, 2011), therefore its careful application is recommended in soil (Ruyters et al, 2011, Ujaczki et al, 2015, 2016a, Mayes et al, 2016.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of red mud on soil microbial communities: Application and comprehensive evaluation of the Biolog EcoPlate approach as a tool in soil microbiological studies

Feigl

Ujaczki

Vaszita

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

128

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Red mud can be applied as soil ameliorant to acidic, sandy and micronutrient deficient soils. There are still knowledge gaps regarding the effects of red mud on the soil microbial community. The Biolog EcoPlate technique is a promising tool for community level physiological profiling. This study presents a detailed evaluation of Biolog EcoPlate data from two case studies. In experiment "A" red mud from Ajka (Hungary) was mixed into acidic sandy soil in soil microcosms at 5-50 w/w%. In experiement "B" red mud soil mixture was mixed into low quality subsoil in a field experiment at 5-50 w/w%. According to average well color development, substrate average well color development and substrate richness 5-20% red mud increased the microbial activity of the acidic sandy soil over the short term, but the effect did not last for 10 months. Shannon diversity index showed that red mud at up to 20% did not change microbial diversity over the short term, but the diversity decreased by the 10 th month. 30-50% red mud had deteriorating effect on the soil microflora. 5-20% red mud soil mixture in the low quality subsoil had a long lasting enhancing effect on the microbial community based on all Biolog EcoPlate parameters. However, 50% red mud soil mixture caused a decrease in diversity and substrate richness. With the Biolog EcoPlate we were able to monitor the changes of the microbial community in red mud affected soils and to assess the amount of red mud and red mud soil mixture applicable for soil treatment in these cases.

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“…Residue fines has been used successfully as an amendment on sandy, acidic soils both in agriculture and mine spoils due to its neutralizing capacity and increased water holding capacity (Barrow, 1982;Koch and Bell, 1983;Summers et al, 2001;Summers et al, 1993;Summers et al, 1996;Summers and Pech, 1997;Ward, 1983). The only previous attempt to use residue fines to amend bauxite residue sands showed very high rates of addition of unaltered residue fines only compounded the adverse caustic characteristics (Meecham and Bell, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amending Bauxite Residue Sands With Residue Fines to Enhance Growth Potential

Anderson

Bell

Phillips³

2007

JASMR

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Long term success of rehabilitation on bauxite-processed residue storage areas is dependant on establishing a capping stratum which will satisfy water use and nutrient cycling requirements of the intended plant community. Bauxite residue sand is the primary growth media for rehabilitating residue disposal areas (RDAs) in Western Australia however; the sustainability of the vegetation cover can be compromised by the poor water-retention and nutrient cycling properties of the residue sand. This glasshouse study was conducted to determine if adding untreated or altered residue fines (< 150 µm) to residue sand (> 150 µm) would improve the characteristics of the final storage capping layer for sustained plant growth. Residue sand was amended by adding increments (1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20 % w/w) of untreated or treated (carbonated or seawater washed) residue fines to determine whether these materials affected the chemical and physical properties of the growth media, and their ability to support vegetative growth (Acacia saligna), compared with the current practice of using only residue sand. Addition of residue fines increased water retention and extractable nutrient concentrations relative to untreated residue sand. However, the addition of residue fines increased both the electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium percentage. Vegetative growth over a 3-month growing period varied with rate of residue fines addition, and residue fines pre-treatment (seawater > carbonated = unaltered). However, the addition of residue fines did not yield greater growth when compared with unamended residue sand. The importance of differences found in water retention and nutrient concentrations among residue treatments for plant growth need to be investigated in a water-limited field environment.

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Bauxite residue (red mud) increases phosphorus retention in sandy soil catchments in Western Australia

Cited by 61 publications

References 10 publications

Reduction of phosphorus release from high phosphorus soil by red mud

Reduction of phosphorus release from high phosphorus soil by red mud

Influence of red mud on soil microbial communities: Application and comprehensive evaluation of the Biolog EcoPlate approach as a tool in soil microbiological studies

Amending Bauxite Residue Sands With Residue Fines to Enhance Growth Potential

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