Battery Recycling: Effect of Current Density on Manganese Recovery Through Electrolytic Process

Abstract

-This work aims to verify the possibility of using depleted batteries as a source of manganese dioxide applying the electrolytic process. An electrolyte solution containing the following metal ions was used: Ca (270 mgL -1 ), Ni (3.000 mgL -1 ), Co (630 mgL -1 ), Mn (115.3 mgL -1 ), Ti (400 mgL -1 ) and Pb (20 mgL -1 ). The production of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) was performed through electrolysis at 98 °C (± 2 °C) applying different current densities (ranging from 0.61 A.dm -2 to 2.51 A.dm -2 ). The materials obtained were analyzed through X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, specific surface area (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The best results regarding the current efficiency, purity grade and specific surface area were obtained with a current density ranging between 1.02 A.dm -2 and 1.39 A.dm -2 . The allotropic ε-MnO 2 variety was found in all tests.

Studies of Selective Recovery of Zinc and Manganese from Alkaline Batteries Scrap by Leaching and Precipitation

“…These methods include black mass leaching and selective zinc and manganese precipitation. There are also more “sophisticated and refined” methods, such as hydrochloric leaching [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], leaching assisted by sulfur dioxide [ 9 ], sulfides precipitation [ 10 ], manganese and zinc crystallization [ 11 ], separation and purification process by solvent extraction [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], ultrasound- and microwave-assisted leaching [ 16 ], electrolysis from post-leaching solution [ 17 , 18 ], processing by acetic-hypochlorite [ 19 ], bioleaching [ 20 ], etc. However, from a technological and economic point of view, a method based on the leaching-precipitation stages seems to be the most appropriate from the point of view of large industrial processing and economic profit [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

A Systematic Review of Battery Recycling Technologies: Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects

“…Acid leaching is commonly used for the recovery of metals, like cobalt, nickel, and copper [18]. The resulting leach solution is then subjected to purification and/or electrolysis [37,38] to recover individual metals.…”

“…Subsequent solvent extraction that uses organophosphorus compounds, like Cyanex 272, can separate Cd and Ni from the leachate into concentrated solutions for recovery as high-purity metal salts via precipitation or electrowinning [37,38]. Ion exchange or precipitants, like Na 2 CO 3 , can also purify the Cd.…”