Battery powered laser-induced plasma spectrometer for elemental determinations

Castle, Bryan C.; Knight, Andrew K.; Visser, K.; Winefordner, J. D.

doi:10.1039/a708844b

Cited by 61 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The LPS involves a small, low-power but high-intensity infrared or visible laser source firing brief pulses ¾1-10 ns of energy ¾100 mJ at a target sample such as a rock and ablating a small sample of ¾1 mm 2 by 0.02 mm depth to form a highly excited micro-plasma due to a delivered energy density of ¾10 MW m 2 at the focus. 103 The high density plasma has temperatures of 10 000-20 000 K which lasts ¾500-2000 ns and generates ultraviolet-visible emission spectra which may be spectrally analysed by a small CCD telescope or optical fibre bundle mounted with the laser. The resultant emission spectra yields sharp emission lines with ¾0.1 nm full width at half-maximum which provide for the detection of almost all mineralogically relevant elements.…”

Section: Use Of Raman Spectroscopy On Marsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of Raman spectroscopy as an astrobiological tool in the exploration of Mars

Ellery

Wynn‐Williams

Parnell

et al. 2004

J Raman Spectroscopy

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We describe how the exploration of the Martian environment would be considerably enhanced through the use of Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy is particularly suited for both mineralogical analysis of Martian rock and soil and for the detection of fossilised biota from former Martian microorganisms. We outline astrobiologically relevant features of the Martian environment and issues related to the detection of biotic residues. We further discuss the possibility of the emergence of photosynthetic bacteria on early Mars which may have left fossil evidence. We describe how Raman spectroscopy may be deployed for both astrobiological and mineralogical investigation, particularly in search of pigmented biomolecules, and describe the requirements for a spaceflight-qualified version of a Raman spectrometer for deployment on Mars.

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Section: Use Of Raman Spectroscopy On Marsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of Raman spectroscopy as an astrobiological tool in the exploration of Mars

Ellery

Wynn‐Williams

Parnell

et al. 2004

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…In 1998, Castle et al 170 reported the first all battery powered portable LIBS instrument. The instrument had a weight of 13.8 kg and a design very similar to the first portable instrument, fitting completely into a small carrying case of 48.3×33×17.8 cm 3 , but including an additional battery in the analysis unit for detector and electronics supply.…”

Section: Mobile Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Pasquini¹,

Cortez²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

341

195

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Esta revisão descreve os aspectos fundamentais, a instrumentação, as aplicações e tendências futuras de uma técnica analítica que se encontra em seu estágio de consolidação e que está em vias de estabelecer o seu nicho entre as técnicas espectrofotométricas modernas. A técnica é denominada Espectroscopia de Emissão em Plasma Induzido por Laser (em inglês, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS) e sua principal característica está no uso de pulsos de laser como fonte de energia para vaporizar a amostra e excitar a emissão de radiação eletromagnética, a partir de seus elementos e/ou fragmentos moleculares. A radiação emitida é analisada por meio de instrumentos ópticos de alta resolução e as suas intensidades são medidas, usualmente com detectores rápidos de estado sólido. Em conjunto, esses dispositivos permitem a geração e a medida de um espectro de emissão de faixa ampla do fenômeno induzido pelo pulso de laser. O espectro registrado contém informação qualitativa e quantitativa que pode ser correlacionada com a identidade da amostra ou empregada na determinação da quantidade de seus constituintes. Essa revisão é dividida em quatro partes. A primeira aborda aspectos históricos da técnica e os conceitos teóricos relevantes associados com LIBS; então, os aspectos práticos de diversas abordagens experimentais e instrumentais empregadas na implementação da técnica são revistos de forma crítica; as aplicações encontradas na literatura, incluindo aquelas que empregam quimiometria, são classificadas e exemplificadas por meio de trabalhos relevantes recentemente publicados. Finalmente, uma tentativa de estabelecer uma avaliação global e as perspectivas futuras para a técnica é apresentada.This review describes the fundamentals, instrumentation, applications and future trends of an analytical technique that is in its early stages of consolidation and is establishing its definitive niches among modern spectrometric techniques. The technique has been named Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and its main characteristic stands in the use of short laser pulses as the energy source to vaporize samples and excite the emission of electromagnetic radiation from its elements and/or molecular fragments. The emitted radiation is analyzed by high resolution optics and the intensities are recorded, usually by fast triggered solid state detectors. Together, these devices allow producing and registering a wide ranging emission spectrum of the short-lived phenomenon induced by the laser pulse. The spectrum contains qualitative and quantitative information which can be correlated with sample identity or can be used to determine the amount of its constituents. This review is divided in four parts. First, the relevant historical and theoretical concepts associated with LIBS are presented; then the main practical aspects of the several experimental and instrumental approaches employed for implementation of the technique are critically described; the applications related in the literature, including those making use of chemometri...

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“…Both the Raman and infrared spectrometers can provide complementary mineralogical data -data that has yet to be obtained from any previous Mars mission. Furthermore, a laser plasma spectrometer (LPS) can also be integrated into the same optical chain to provide rapid elementary composition data on samples (much more rapidly yseconds to minutes compared with the 8-10 h required for the alphaproton-X-ray spectrometer (APXS) which is being adopted for the Mars Exploration Rovers) (Reider et al 1997;Castle et al 1998;Bertrand et al 2002;Bertrand R. 2002 private communication). The LPS/Raman has a passive front-end linking the optical outlet/inlet for both laser-based plasma generation and collection of spectral light with the actual instrument and laser pump electronics by an optical fibre.…”

Section: Gestation and Birth Of A Robotic Astrobiology Mission Proposmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrobiological instrumentation for Mars – the only way is down

Ellery¹,

Kolb²,

Lämmer³

et al. 2002

International Journal of Astrobiology

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: In this paper, in this edition of the Journal commemorating the life and work of David Wynn-Williams, we consider approaches to the astrobiological investigation of Mars. We provide a brief account of the scientific rationale behind the approach presented here. In particular, we outline the capabilities of the Raman spectrometer for the detection of biomarkers. David Wynn-Williams was an active champion of this instrument who was keen to field-qualify a version in Antarctica with a view to flying a Raman instrument onboard a Mars-bound space mission. We examine a scenario for the deployment of such an instrument in conjunction with other instrumentation and argue that subsurface deployment of scientific instruments is essential if we are to succeed in detecting any evidence that may exist for former life on Mars. We outline a mission scenario -Vanguard -which represents a novel but low-risk, low-cost approach to Mars exploration that was conceived and developed jointly by one of the authors (Ellery) and the late David Wynn-Williams.

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Battery powered laser-induced plasma spectrometer for elemental determinations

Cited by 61 publications

References 14 publications

The role of Raman spectroscopy as an astrobiological tool in the exploration of Mars

The role of Raman spectroscopy as an astrobiological tool in the exploration of Mars

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Astrobiological instrumentation for Mars – the only way is down

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