Battery Management Systems for Improving Battery Efficiency in Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Battery cost and battery capacity are key factors to determine whether or not electric vehicles would be used widely. Having a high energy density, lithium-ion battery can improve the mileage range of electric vehicles, yet the battery cost remains high. Although lead-acid battery has lower energy density than that of lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid battery cost less. Moreover, lithium-ion battery features an excellent discharge characteristic, whereas load current significantly impacts the capacity of lead-acid battery. This paper proposes a novel scheme to improve the efficiency of electric vehicle battery. In addition to connecting lead-acid battery with lithium-ion battery in parallel to the power supply, the proposed method combines their discharge characteristics to optimize the power management in order to improve the efficiency of attery and lower the cost of electric vehicle battery. The experimental result demonstrates that the available capacity can improve 30~50% of the rated capacity of the lead-acid battery.

Leveraging PSO algorithms to achieve optimal stand-alone microgrid performance with a focus on battery lifetime

“…The relative importance of different factors may vary, so it is appropriate to assign random weights to each aspect of the problem. The velocity of the particles, which determines their movement within the optimization process, is then calculated using the formula in (9). The power output from a random process is used to begin a power flow calculation.…”

The Living Space Analysis in the Battery Leasing Business

“…For instance, the price of a B grade EV (battery included) is 200,000 RMB and the battery of it will cost approximately 85,000 RMB. Therefore, the battery excluded selling model-"vehicle and battery separated, vehicle sales without battery"-becomes one of the best choices for the current time [5].…”

“…On one hand, he has the ownership of the batteries, recharge and manage them; on the other hand, he makes profits by leasing recharged batteries to his consumers. This business model has a series of advantages: provide fast battery switch services to its consumers; extend the working life of batteries by recharging them properly; bring down the possible risks of over heat and fire during the recharging process by centralizing the process of recharging; etc [5]. This paper, using the method of living space analysis, gives a comprehensive analysis of the leaseholders' battery purchase cost, electricity purchase cost and their consumers' purchase intention, diagnoses whether the battery leasing company would get profits from this "Battery Leasing" model and provides a scenario analysis of different situations with different EVs, different types of batteries and financial subsidies.…”