Battery Management System for Unmanned Electric Vehicles with CAN BUS and Internet of Things

Abstract

In recent decades, the trend of using zero-emission vehicles has been constantly evolving. This trend brings about not only the pressure to develop electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) but also the demand for further developments in battery technologies and safe use of battery systems. Concerning the safe usage of battery systems, Battery Management Systems (BMS) play one of the most important roles. A BMS is used to monitor operating temperature and State of Charge (SoC), as well as protect the battery system against cell imbalance. The paper aims to present hardware and software designs of a BMS for unmanned EVs, which use Lithium multi-cell battery packs. For higher modularity, the designed BMS uses a distributed topology and contains a master module with more slave modules. Each slave module is in charge of monitoring and protecting a multi-cell battery pack. All information about the state of each battery pack is sent to the master module which saves and sends all data to the control station if required. Controlled Area Network (CAN) bus and Internet of Things technologies are designed for requirements from different applications for communications between slave modules and the master module, and between the master module and control station.

Study of SOC Estimation by the Ampere-Hour Integral Method with Capacity Correction Based on LSTM

“…The advantage is that the estimation accuracy is high, and the SOC can be dynamically measured; the disadvantage is that it relies heavily on the accuracy of the battery model and has high requirements on the algorithm. The ampere-hour integral method, also known as the coulomb measurement, is one of the most widely used and straightforward SOC estimation methods [13,14]. However, if the current acquisition accuracy is not high enough, accumulated errors will occur.…”

Comparative Analysis of Energy Storage and Buffer Units for Electric Military Vehicle: Survey of Experimental Results

“…Figure 1 illustrates the need for energy storage in the modern battlefield. Almost all soldier equipment and military vehicles in every size and every environment require suitable energy storage for their function [2][3][4][5][6][7]. As shown in the cited literature of this article, the authors mainly addressed the use of supercapacitors in electric drives and the sizing of energy buffers [2].…”

“…For example, the categorization of UGVs is presented in Table 1. The categorization of UAVs can be found in [4]. As mentioned above, the use of electrical drives instead of internal combustion engines Related to the research, development, and experimentation in the RAS field, in the modern battlefield, all the components of the military (air force, ground force, and sea/naval force) combine traditional manned vehicles and emerging unmanned vehicles (UVs)-see Figure 1.…”

“…For example, the categorization of UGVs is presented in Table 1. The categorization of UAVs can be found in [4]. As mentioned above, the use of electrical drives instead of internal combustion engines can help to reduce noise, carbon emissions, and maintenance requirements.…”

“…To summarize the mentioned literature used for the benefit of the article, we can divide it into several focuses. The literature [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] is devoted to findings in the field of energy storage, battery construction, battery classification, etc. The literature [16,23,24] deals with the analyzes of the influence of temperature and describes the effects of temperature loading of batteries.…”