Battery-Less NFC Sensor for pH Monitoring

Boada, Martí; Lázaro, Antonio; Villarino, R.; Girbau, David

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2904109

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Two relay antennas (Relay 1 and Relay 2) measuring 25×25 mm with 4 and 6 turns, respectively and three antenna sizes for the reader were analyzed. The size of the reader 1 and reader 2 antennas were similar to those integrated around cameras in smartphones, which is the typical position for mobiles with metallic cases [29]. The size of reader 3 antenna, on the other hand, was similar to that of antenna in the battery case for smartphones with plastic cases.…”

Section: Figure 12 Simulated and Measured Coupling Coefficients Betwmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The size of reader 3 antenna, on the other hand, was similar to that of antenna in the battery case for smartphones with plastic cases. In [29], the authors showed that the ferrite material used to isolate the coil from the battery or other metallic parts has a small influence on the coupling coefficient. The following simulations and measurements were therefore performed in the air.…”

Section: Figure 12 Simulated and Measured Coupling Coefficients Betwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, the value of the threshold average magnetic field H min can be found from the analytical expression given in [29]:…”

Section: B Wpt With Smartphonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the Reading of Energy-Harvested Implanted NFC Tags Using Mobile Phones

et al. 2020

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In this paper we study the read range of implanted sensors based on batteryless, Near-Field Communication (NFC) integrated circuits (IC) using an NFC-equipped smartphone as a reader. The most important challenges are the low coupling between loops of different sizes, the limited quality factor imposed by the bandwidth communication, the effects of the body on propagation, and the detuning of the antennas. Two systems are analyzed: a conventional system based on resonant coupling between two coils; and a system based on resonant coupling between three coils. With the latter, a relay antenna is attached to a patch, which is adhered to the skin. Simulations and measurements show that the quality factor of both antennas can be improved by including a spacer made of low-permittivity material. A circuit model is proposed for the implanted and relay antenna, which simplifies its usage in circuit simulators. Some implanted and relay antenna prototypes are analyzed and a system model that includes a nonlinear model of the tag is used to analyze the maximum depth at which the implant can be read. Our experimental results show that the system based on three coils performs much better performance at longer distances and is more robust to misalignments between coils. A 15×15 mm-implanted tag with commercial NFC IC and energy harvesting can be read using commercial smartphones. It can feed sensors at a distance of up to 16 mm inside the body and at a distance of 3 cm from the skin. Our results also show that data previously stored in the IC memory can be transferred to the reader located at distances of up to 2 cm and 3.8 cm for the 2-coil and 3-coil systems, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of batteryless NFC sensors for biomedical and wearable applications using mobile phones as readers. INDEX TERMS Batteryless, energy harvesting, Internet of Things (IoT), implantable medical device, nearfield communication (NFC), radiofrequency identification (RFID), wireless power transfer (WPT).

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Section: Figure 12 Simulated and Measured Coupling Coefficients Betwmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Figure 12 Simulated and Measured Coupling Coefficients Betwmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the Reading of Energy-Harvested Implanted NFC Tags Using Mobile Phones

et al. 2020

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“…Several companies, like TI-, AMS-, NXP- and ST-Microelectronics, commercially introduced very low-power NFC-integrated chips (ICs) to ensure enhanced data writing, reading and storing capabilities. Utmost importance has recently been given to energy harvesting and data communication from NFC, with a focus on the optimal ways to obtain some future directions [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. This study designs a smart skincare device with a novel design approach that could harvest energy from an NFC-enabled smartphone and elaborates on the applications related to skincare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Transepidermal Water Loss and Skin Wettedness Factor with Battery-Free NFC Sensor

Ali

Chung

2020

Sensors

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The transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and the skin wettedness factor (SWF) are considered parts of a key perspective related to skincare. The former is used to determine the loss of water content from the stratum corneum (SC), while the latter is used to determine the human skin comfort level. Herein, we developed two novel approaches: (1) determination of the TEWL and the SWF based on a battery-free humidity sensor, and (2) the design of a battery-free smart skincare sensor device tag that can harvest energy from a near field communication (NFC)-enabled smartphone, making it a battery-free design approach. The designed skincare device tag has a diameter of 2.6 cm and could harvest energy (~3 V) from the NFC-enabled smartphone. A series of experimental tests involving the participation of eight and six subjects were conducted in vivo for the indoor and outdoor environments, respectively. During the experimental analysis, the skin moisture content level was measured at different times of the day using an android smartphone. The TEWL and SWF values were calculated based on these sensor readings. For the TEWL case: if the skin moisture is high, the TEWL is high, and if the skin moisture is low, the TEWL is low, ensuring that the skin moisture and the TEWL follow the same trend. Our smart skincare device is enclosed in a 3D flexible design print, and it is battery-free with an android application interface that is more convenient to carry outside than other commercially available battery-based devices.

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“…Near-Field Communication (NFC) is a standard-based radio frequency (RF) channel communication architecture that can be embedded into several devices, such as mobiles cellphones, laptops, tablets, and NFC card readers [1]. Its main function allows to exchange data between devices in a proximity up to 10cm [2] using the 13.56 MHz frequency [3], [4], [5] with maximum data transfer rate of 424 kbit/s and low bandwidth [4], [6]. NFC technology was proposed over a decade, but it became popular when it was incorporated into payment systems, Internet of Things (IoT), information security, and Industry 4.0 [1], [3], [7], [8], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Validation Scheme Using Meaningless Reversible Degradation and NFC

Araujo¹,

Melgar²

2019

Anais De XXXVII Simpósio Brasileiro De Telecomunicações E Processamento De Sinais

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This paper presents a novel data validation system using meaningless reversible degradation and the Near-Field Communication (NFC) protocol. The NFC protocol is widely used as data exchange channel due to its technical properties, such as data transfer rate and transmission reliability. The proposed scheme exploits reversible degradation properties, using the systematic Berlekamp Reed-Solomon error correction algorithm and the NFC on three error correction levels: Low (∼ = 5%), Medium (∼ = 15%), and High (∼ = 25%). This new mechanism allows encoding data on a meaningless file, which can be posteriorly retrieved using an authorized NFC card. Thus, to retrieve and validate the file, the part that receives the corrupted file, and the authorizing part, must be physically near to allow decoding the file. Once the authorizing part removes the NFC card, the decoded file becomes meaningless again and is closed.

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Battery-Less NFC Sensor for pH Monitoring

Cited by 40 publications

References 42 publications

Study on the Reading of Energy-Harvested Implanted NFC Tags Using Mobile Phones

Study on the Reading of Energy-Harvested Implanted NFC Tags Using Mobile Phones

Monitoring Transepidermal Water Loss and Skin Wettedness Factor with Battery-Free NFC Sensor

Data Validation Scheme Using Meaningless Reversible Degradation and NFC

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