Battery-free, skin-interfaced microfluidic/electronic systems for simultaneous electrochemical, colorimetric, and volumetric analysis of sweat

Abstract

Battery-free, wireless microfluidic/electronic system for multiparameter sweat analysis.

Advanced Wearable Microfluidic Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring

“…CBVs utilize capillary effects for liquid manipulation, which is determined by the surface tension of the liquid and the geometry and surface chemistry of the µ‐channels. CBVs can be molded with the same manufacturing material as that of the microfluidic networks and can be easily adjusted in terms of their geometry . Furthermore, utilizing a series of CBVs, a microfluidic system can manipulate liquids in a preprogrammed manner and realize time‐dependent sampling, which has great potential in capturing chronographic physiological information …”

“…Precise control of fluid flows, excellent stretchability, and flexibility, and easy integration with sensory units enable microfluidic sensors to be an efficient platform for advanced sensor technologies. Currently, works on wearable microfluidic sensors mainly focus on sweat composition measurement to make an assessment of the physiological status …”

“…e) Optical image of a sweat sensor mounted on the skin during sweating (top left), calibration curve of lactate detection (top right), and schematic illustration of the layer makeup of the lactate sensor (bottom). Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2019, American Association of Science.…”

“…This device enables continuous data collection and wireless transition analytical components based on lactate oxidase (LO X ) and GO X ‐modified Prussian Blue electrodes and flexible printed circuits. Bandodkar et al developed an integrated wearable enzyme‐based sweat sensor for lactate and glucose detection that exploits near field communication (NFC) electronics for electrochemical signal detection, transmission, and power supply (Figure e) . The response of the lactate sensor exhibits excellent linearity with increasing concentration.…”

“…Sweat is the most easily available biofluid because sweat glands cover the whole body, providing enough sampling zones for wearable sensors, and is of great diagnostic value due to its rich content of biomarkers of physical conditions and health status . With the utilization of soft materials and specially designed microfluidic networks, microfluidic sweat sensors have integrated capabilities of sweat capture, storage, and chemical analysis . Due to the excellent stretchability and outstanding sensing performances, wearable microfluidic networks provide an efficient platform for advanced sensor technologies for portable, noninvasive, fast, and multiple‐type analysis and have attracted tremendous attention in the fields of individualized healthcare, clinical medicine, and medical therapy .…”