Battery charge equalization controller in electric vehicle applications: A review

Hoque, Mohammed Mozammel; Hannan, M. A.; Mohamed, Azah; Ayob, Afida

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.126

Cited by 213 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The MWTFC-based balancer equalizes the voltage of cells in the SCBS by selectively turning the switches S k on or off according to the constant duty cycle (D) simultaneously. Figure 2 shows an active cell balancing circuit using the MWT with the forward converter structure and operating modes [17,18,21,25,28]. This circuit consists of N series-connected cells.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Previous Cell Balancing Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cell balancing circuit based on an SCC and operation modes of the circuit are shown in Figure 5 [8,15,16,21]. In order to simplify the analysis for circuit operation mode, it is assumed that the circuit has two cells and V Cell1 > V Cell2 .…”

Section: Cell Balancing Circuit Using Sccmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is easier and more flexible than the conventional circuit in designing cell balancing for the large SCBS. case of a large number of cells and/or the high unbalance of voltage between the cells, the equalization time is long [21]. Therefore, the novel MCBC needs to be considered carefully to reduce the mentioned disadvantages as shown in Section 2.2.…”

Section: Cell Balancing Circuit Using Sccmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the cell balancing methods have been introduced [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and reviewed [7,8,[21][22][23], as represented in Figure 1. There are two main ways to equalize a battery cell, which are passive and active methods [8,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Modular Cell Balancer Based on Multi-Winding Transformer and Switched-Capacitor Circuits for a Series-Connected Battery String in Electric Vehicles

Bui

Kim

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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Abstract:In this paper, a cell balancing topology for a series-connected Lithium-Ion battery string (SCBS) in electric vehicles is proposed and experimentally verified. In particular, this balancing topology based on the modular balancer consists of an intra-module balancer based on a multi-winding transformer circuit and an outer-module balancer based on a switched capacitor converter, both offering the potential advantages and over conventional balancing methods, including short equalization time, simple control scheme, elimination of voltage sensors. In addition, a number of cells in the SCBS can be easily extended in this circuit. Furthermore, a system structure and an operating principle of the proposed topology are analyzed and experimentally verified for three different cases. The voltages of all cells in the SCBS reached the balanced state regardless of the various arrangement of the initial voltage, where the energy efficiency of the circuit reached 83.31%. Our experimental realization of the proposed balancing topology shows that such a technique could be employed in electric vehicles.

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Section: Analysis Of the Previous Cell Balancing Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Balancing Circuit Using Sccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Balancing Circuit Using Sccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Modular Cell Balancer Based on Multi-Winding Transformer and Switched-Capacitor Circuits for a Series-Connected Battery String in Electric Vehicles

Bui

Kim

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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“…The functions of the BMS include state of charge (SOC) estimation, state of health (SOH) estimation, battery equalization control, thermal control, etc. Among them, SOC estimation, which indicates how much capacity the battery can provide, is the core function of BMS, but also the basis of other functions [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Parameter Identification and State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Squares and Nonlinear Kalman Filter

et al. 2017

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State of charge (SOC) estimation is the core of any battery management system. Most closed-loop SOC estimation algorithms are based on the equivalent circuit model with fixed parameters. However, the parameters of the equivalent circuit model will change as temperature or SOC changes, resulting in reduced SOC estimation accuracy. In this paper, two SOC estimation algorithms with online parameter identification are proposed to solve this problem based on forgetting factor recursive least squares (FFRLS) and nonlinear Kalman filter. The parameters of a Thevenin model are constantly updated by FFRLS. The nonlinear Kalman filter is used to perform the recursive operation to estimate SOC. Experiments in variable temperature environments verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. A combination of four driving cycles is loaded on lithium-ion batteries to test the adaptability of the approaches to different working conditions. Under certain conditions, the average error of the SOC estimation dropped from 5.6% to 1.1% after adding the online parameters identification, showing that the estimation accuracy of proposed algorithms is greatly improved. Besides, simulated measurement noise is added to the test data to prove the robustness of the algorithms.

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Battery Balancing

2018

Advanced Battery Management Technologies for Electric Vehicles

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Battery charge equalization controller in electric vehicle applications: A review

Cited by 213 publications

References 93 publications

A Modular Cell Balancer Based on Multi-Winding Transformer and Switched-Capacitor Circuits for a Series-Connected Battery String in Electric Vehicles

A Modular Cell Balancer Based on Multi-Winding Transformer and Switched-Capacitor Circuits for a Series-Connected Battery String in Electric Vehicles

Online Parameter Identification and State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Squares and Nonlinear Kalman Filter

Battery Balancing

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