Battery Characterization via Eddy-Current Imaging with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond

Zhang, Xue; Chatzidrosos, Georgios; Hu, Yinan; Wickenbrock, Arne; Jerschow, Alexej; Budker, Dmitry

doi:10.3390/app11073069

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…NV-ensembles with high NV − concentrations and/or large detection volumes are favored for precision magnetometry [17][18][19][20], for a considerably improved signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity, which both ideally improve with the square root of the number of sensing spins [21,22]. Therefore, bulk diamonds with NV-ensembles throughout the entire diamond volume are required for many applications such as detecting magnetic nanoparticles [23], battery characterization [24], vector imaging [25,26], and lasing [27,28]. High NV − concentrations require an enhanced nitrogen incorporation in diamonds, especially in the form of isolated-substitutional-nitrogen atoms (called P1 center or N 0 s center) [29,30], which are converted to NV centers via irradiation and annealing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creation of nitrogen-vacancy centers in chemical vapor deposition diamond for sensing applications

et al. 2022

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The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a promising quantum system for magnetometry applications exhibiting optical readout of minute energy shifts in its spin sub-levels. Key material requirements for NV ensembles are a high NV- concentration, a long spin coherence time and a stable charge state. However, these are interdependent and can be difficult to optimize during diamond growth and subsequent NV creation. In this work, we systematically investigate the NV center formation and properties in bulk chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond. The nitrogen flow during growth is varied by over 4 orders of magnitude, resulting in a broad range of single substitutional nitrogen concentrations of 0.2-20~parts per million. For a fixed nitrogen concentration, we optimize electron-irradiation fluences with two different accelerated electron energies, and we study defect formation via optical characterizations. We discuss a general approach to determine the optimal irradiation conditions, for which an enhanced NV concentration and an optimum of NV charge states can both be satisfied. We achieve spin-spin coherence times T2 ranging from 45.5 to 549 μs for CVD diamonds containing 168 to 1~parts per billion NV- centers, respectively. This study shows a pathway to engineer properties of NV-doped CVD diamonds for improved sensitivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creation of nitrogen-vacancy centers in chemical vapor deposition diamond for sensing applications

et al. 2022

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“…It has been shown that measuring both the amplitude and phase of the magnetic field can be used to reconstruct the eddy currents. This principle finds applications in various areas, such as in the monitoring of fuel cells [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Characterisation of Conductive Objects Using Electromagnetic Induction and a Fluxgate Magnetometer

Elson

Meraki

Rushton

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Eddy currents induced in electrically conductive objects can be used to locate metallic objects as well as to assess the properties of materials non-destructively without physical contact. This technique is useful for material identification, such as measuring conductivity and for discriminating whether a sample is magnetic or non-magnetic. In this study, we carried out experiments and numerical simulations for the evaluation of conductive objects. We investigated the frequency dependence of the secondary magnetic field generated by induced eddy currents when a conductive object is placed in a primary oscillating magnetic field. According to electromagnetic theory, conductive objects have different responses at different frequencies. Using a table-top setup consisting of a fluxgate magnetometer and a primary coil generating a magnetic field with frequency up to 1 kHz, we were able to detect aluminium and steel cylinders using the principle of electromagnetic induction. The experimental results were compared to numerical simulations, with good overall agreement. This technique enables the identification and characterisation of objects using their electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability.

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“…It has also been shown that measuring both the amplitude and phase of the magnetic field can be used to reconstruct the eddy currents. This principle finds applications in various areas, such as in the monitoring of fuel cells [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and characterisation of conductive objects using electromagnetic induction and a fluxgate magnetometer

Elson¹,

Meraki²,

Rushton³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Eddy currents induced in electrically conductive objects can be used to locate metallic objects as well as to assess the properties of materials non-destructively without physical contact. This technique is useful for material identification, such as measuring conductivity and for discriminating whether a sample is magnetic or non-magnetic. In this study, we carried out experiments and numerical simulations for the evaluation of conductive objects. We investigated the frequency dependence of the secondary magnetic field generated by induced eddy currents when a conductive object is placed in a primary oscillating magnetic field. According to the electromagnetic theory, conductive objects have different responses at different frequencies. Using a table-top setup consisting of a fluxgate magnetometer and a primary coil generating a magnetic field with frequency up to 1 kHz, we are able to detect aluminium and steel cylinders using the principle of electromagnetic induction. The experimental results are compared with numerical simulations and we find overall a good agreement. This technique enables identification and characterisation of objects using their electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability.

show abstract

Battery Characterization via Eddy-Current Imaging with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Creation of nitrogen-vacancy centers in chemical vapor deposition diamond for sensing applications

Creation of nitrogen-vacancy centers in chemical vapor deposition diamond for sensing applications

Detection and Characterisation of Conductive Objects Using Electromagnetic Induction and a Fluxgate Magnetometer

Detection and characterisation of conductive objects using electromagnetic induction and a fluxgate magnetometer

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