Battery-and wire-less tire pressure measurement systems (TPMS) sensor

Makki, Noaman; Pop‐Iliev, Remon

doi:10.1007/s00542-012-1480-6

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Makki and Pop‐Iliev designed and developed a functional automotive TPMS using very low cost and highly flexible piezoceramic (PZT) bender elements. Based on the results of their research, the fabricated TPMS can be implemented as both a battery‐less and wireless device inside a tire …”

Section: Techniques For Sensing and Energy Harvesting In Tirementioning

confidence: 99%

Tire Condition Monitoring and Intelligent Tires Using Nanogenerators Based on Piezoelectric, Electromagnetic, and Triboelectric Effects

Argani

Hashemi

Khajepour

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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With the prospect of autonomous driving on roads in near future, it is paramount to make the vehicles safe on any driving and road condition. This is only possible by additional sensors to make up for the driver's cognitive and sensory system. Measuring road condition and tire forces especially in autonomous vehicles are vital in their safety, reliability, and public confidence in automated driving. Real time measurement of road condition and tire forces in buses and trucks can significantly improve the safety of road transportation system, and in miming/construction and off-road vehicles can improve performance, tire life, and reduce operational costs.There are three particular branches of research in the area of tire condition monitoring systems (TCMS) including estimation, sensing, and power harvesting. The main focus of this review article would be on progress in estimation techniques, energy harvesting, and also sensing approaches for TCMS based on piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Indeed, the fusion of these three areas in a singular package leads to designing future intelligent tires. The implementation of intelligent tires is highly advantageous for reduction of disastrous accidents,CO 2 , and noise emissions, and also fuel consumption. Figure 1 depicts an intelligent tire with its basic parts, its crucial applications, and advantages. In Figure 1, NGs, PEGs, and EMGs refer to nanogenerators, piezoelectric nanogenerators, and electromagnetic generators, respectively.Advances in applications of sensor technologies, sensor fusion, and cooperative estimation in intelligent transportation systems facilitate having reliable tire forces. Consequently, developing a flexible estimation structure to operate the available sensor data in production vehicles is a preeminent objective of the car manufacturers. In this direction, reliable estimation of tire forces at a reasonable cost is necessary for proper functioning of active safety systems in current vehicles. Longitudinal, lateral, and vertical tire forces make major contributions to velocity estimation, [3] traction and stability control, [4,5] and obstacle avoidance systems. [6,7] This article provides a comprehensive review on intelligent tire and TCMS. The first part of the article describes tire models, techniques for tire force, and tire-road friction The quest to utilize intelligent tires has prompted substantial multidisciplinary research including vehicle dynamics, control, estimation, energy harvesting, and even nanotechnology. This review article presents the progress in the area of tire condition monitoring systems (TCMS) and intelligent tires using devices fabricated based on piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and triboelectric effects. Three main branches of the research in this area are presented, including estimation techniques, sensing, and energy harvesting approaches. The authors delineate the importance of TCMS for vehicle active safety systems, its importance for transportation safety, and also its remarka...

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Section: Techniques For Sensing and Energy Harvesting In Tirementioning

confidence: 99%

Tire Condition Monitoring and Intelligent Tires Using Nanogenerators Based on Piezoelectric, Electromagnetic, and Triboelectric Effects

Argani

Hashemi

Khajepour

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Piezolectric bender devices have also been considered by Makki et al; unlike the inertial piezoelectric cantilevers these devices are often used in strain‐driven mode. Two approaches were considered where a PZT bender was directly bonded to the inner surface of the tire. The second approach used smaller and stiffer elements that produce charge due to a compressive load at the tire rim.…”

Section: Piezoelectric Harvestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the piezoelectric bender was attached to the inner wheel, deformation of the tire at the contact patch leads to a cyclic deformation and subsequent relaxation as it leaves the contact patch . PZT benders were selected since they were capable of withstanding the large deflection of the tire.…”

Section: Piezoelectric Harvestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Harvesting Technologies for Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems

Bowen

Arafa

2014

Advanced Energy Materials

127

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technologies for TPMS was presented by Roundy [ 1 ] and Kubba et al. [ 2 ] recently provided an excellent and detailed overview of TPMS systems. TPMS are becoming increasingly mandatory in the automotive market as more stringent environmental regulatory frameworks [ 3 ] are being established to lower fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions. Maintaining a correct tire pressure also contributes signifi cantly to passenger safety as it directly affects the vehicle's handling and control. Underinfl ated tires can cause high heat generation, which leads to rapid tire wear, tread separation, blow-out, and loss of vehicle control. Vehicles with underinfl ated tires also suffer from reduced lateral stability and require longer stopping distances, especially on wet roads. Overinfl ated tires, on the other hand, suffer from poor grip and reduce the vehicle's stability. Tire failure at high speed is a particular concern since it increases the potential for vehicle roll-over.To alleviate these problems, TPMS are being designed to continuously monitor the air pressure inside automotive tires. The purpose of TPMS is to provide a warning signal if the air pressure inside the tire falls outside maximum/minimum safe limits. Conventional TPMS consist of tire pressure modules that are either installed onto the wheel rim, inside the tire cavity, or are attached to the inner lining of the tire. The pressure sensors continuously measure the air pressure, as well as other physical quantities such as temperature and acceleration, and transmit the readings to an onboard receiver/display by radio frequency transmission.The direct and indirect methods are used to monitor tire pressure. The indirect system relies on the fact that an underinfl ated tire, with a smaller diameter, will rotate faster than a correctly infl ated tire. For these systems, each wheel contains a rotational speed sensor and the speed of each wheel is compared to the average speed of all the wheels to determine if one is rotating signifi cantly faster than the others. Indirect methods also include those measuring the distance of the wheel centers to the ground and identifying an underinfl ated tire as one with its wheel center closer to the ground. The direct system has sensors within each tire to measure the pressure directly and this data is relayed to the driver in real-time. Although the systems vary in transmitting options, most direct systems use radio frequency (RF) signals to send data to an electronic control unit.Currently, the electrical power for TPMS is provided almost exclusively by batteries, which have a limited lifespan and Tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) are becoming increasingly important to ensure safe and effi cient use of tires in the automotive sector. A typical TPMS system consists of a battery powered wireless sensor, as part of the tire, and a remote receiver to collect sensor data, such as pressure and temperature. In order to provide a maintenance-free and battery-less sensor solution there is growing interest in using energy harvesting ...

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“…Piezoelectric material generates electrical charge as a result of the applied mechanical force or deformation. The PEH in tire application is divided into two categories depending on how the wasted energy is being used: (a) the vibration energy (flexure and rectilinear) and (2) the strain‐based energy (tire bending and shock loads). The vibration‐based technology that uses a piezoelectric cantilever beam and a tip mass as a mass‐spring system is one of the well‐known configurations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, modeling, and analysis of a high performance piezoelectric energy harvester for intelligent tires

et al. 2019

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Summary Basic parameters affecting vehicle safety and performance such as pressure, temperature, friction coefficient, and contact‐patch dimensions are measured in intelligent tires via sensors that require electric power for operation and wireless communication to be synchronized to the vehicle monitoring and control system. Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) can extract a fraction of energy that is wasted as a result of deflection during rolling of tires, and this extracted energy can be used to power up sensors embedded in intelligent tires. A new design of PEH inspired from Cymbal PEHs is introduced, and its performance is evaluated in this paper. Cymbal PEHs are proven to be useful in vibration energy harvesting, and in this paper, for the first time, the modified shape of Cymbal energy harvester is used as strain‐based energy harvester for the tire application. The shape of the harvester is adjusted in a way that it can be safely embedded on the inner surface of tires. In addition to the high performance, ease of manufacturing is another advantage of this new design. A multiphysics model is developed and validated to determine the output voltage, power, and energy of the designed PEH. The modeling results indicated that the maximum output voltage, the maximum electric power, and the accumulated harvested energy are about 3.5 V, 2.8 mW, and 24 mJ/rev, respectively, which are sufficient to power two sensors. In addition, the possibility is shown to supply power to five sensors by increase in piezoelectric material thickness. The effect of rolling tire temperature on the performance of the proposed PEH is also studied.

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Battery-and wire-less tire pressure measurement systems (TPMS) sensor

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

Tire Condition Monitoring and Intelligent Tires Using Nanogenerators Based on Piezoelectric, Electromagnetic, and Triboelectric Effects

Tire Condition Monitoring and Intelligent Tires Using Nanogenerators Based on Piezoelectric, Electromagnetic, and Triboelectric Effects

Energy Harvesting Technologies for Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems

Design, modeling, and analysis of a high performance piezoelectric energy harvester for intelligent tires

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